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| 1 | |
The key innovation that allowed for plant survival on land, seen in the first land plants and all others after, but not in the charophytes, is |
| | A) | fruit. |
| | B) | vascular tissue. |
| | C) | the seed. |
| | D) | protection of the embryo. |
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| 2 | |
Which dramatic change in the alternation-of-generations life cycle led to the protection of all phases of the life cycle and the formation of seeds? |
| | A) | transition from a dominant gametophyte generation to a dominant sporophyte generation |
| | B) | transition from a dominant sporophyte generation to a dominant gametophyte generation |
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| 3 | |
Which structure(s) allow the sporophyte of vascular plants to be protected against drying out? |
| | A) | the waxy covering of leaves, called the cuticle |
| | B) | small openings in the leaves, called stomata |
| | C) | guard cells that surround each stoma |
| | D) | all of these structures protect the dominant sporophyte from drying out |
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| 4 | |
Why are the bryophytes called nonvascular plants? |
| | A) | because they are specialized for transporting water and organic nutrients |
| | B) | because their roots, stems, and leaves lack vascular tissue |
| | C) | because they protect their embryo |
| | D) | because they produce wind-blown spores |
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| 5 | |
Which generation is dominant in the bryophytes? |
| | A) | the generations are equally dominant |
| | B) | the sporophyte |
| | C) | the gametophyte |
| | D) | there is no sporophyte generation in bryophytes |
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| 6 | |
Which of the bryophytes are typically low-lying, due mostly to their need for moisture and lack of vascular tissue? |
| | A) | the mosses |
| | B) | the liverworts |
| | C) | the hornworts |
| | D) | all of the bryophytes are low-lying |
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| 7 | |
Which structure of the moss protects the embryo from drying out? |
| | A) | the archegonium |
| | B) | the antheridium |
| | C) | the sporangium |
| | D) | the stalk |
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| 8 | |
Cooksonia were the first __________ plants; they had wind-blown spores, __________, leaves, and roots. |
| | A) | nonvascular; branches |
| | B) | vascular; seeds |
| | C) | nonvascular; seeds |
| | D) | vascular; branches |
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| 9 | |
The roots of today’s lycophytes are much like __________ were in early vascular plants; the vascular tissue is __________. |
| | A) | roots; centrally placed |
| | B) | stems; centrally placed |
| | C) | leaves; only found at the perimeter |
| | D) | branches; only found at the perimeter |
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| 10 | |
Pteridophytes, or ferns and their allies, are __________ vascular plants with __________. |
| | A) | seed-producing; microphylls |
| | B) | seedless; microphylls |
| | C) | seedless; megaphylls |
| | D) | seed-producing; megaphylls |
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| 11 | |
Microphylls __________. Megaphylls__________. |
| | A) | are found in all vascular plants; are only found in the lycophytes |
| | B) | are broad leaves with a single strand of vascular tissue; are narrow and have several strands vascular tissue |
| | C) | are broad leaves with several strands of vascular tissue; are narrow and have a single strand of vascular tissue |
| | D) | are narrow and have a single strand of vascular tissue; are broad leaves with several strands of vascular tissue |
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| 12 | |
The fern life cycle |
| | A) | all of these choices accurately describe the fern life cycle. |
| | B) | is dependent on external water. |
| | C) | relies on the wind to disperse the spores. |
| | D) | produces a gametophyte that lacks vascular tissue. |
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| 13 | |
Seed plants use meiosis to produce |
| | A) | spores and pollen. |
| | B) | seeds and fruit. |
| | C) | pollen and seeds. |
| | D) | microspores and megaspores. |
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| 14 | |
In seed plants, a microspore develops into |
| | A) | an egg. |
| | B) | a pollen grain. |
| | C) | a sporophyte. |
| | D) | All of these answers correctly complete this sentence. |
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| 15 | |
Within the angiosperms, or ___________, two groups exist. They are named for their __________. |
| | A) | vascular plants; number of cotyledons, or seed coats |
| | B) | nonvascular plants; leaf type |
| | C) | flowering plants; number of cotyledons, or seed coats |
| | D) | fungi; leaf type |
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| 16 | |
The __________ parts of a flower are the stamens, each of which has two parts: the anther and the filament. The __________ parts of a flower are the carpel, which has three major regions: the stigma, the style, and the __________. |
| | A) | female; male; ovary |
| | B) | male; female; sepals |
| | C) | female; male; sepals |
| | D) | male; female; ovary |
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| 17 | |
Double fertilization during the angiosperm life cycle involves two sperm, one of which __________, while the other __________. |
| | A) | fertilizes the egg to form a zygote; produces the endosperm nucleus, which will develop into food for the developing plant |
| | B) | is a mature male gametophyte; is an immature male gametophyte |
| | C) | lands on the carpel of the plant; is usually blown away in the wind |
| | D) | develops into the seed; develops into the fruit that surrounds the seeds |
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| 18 | |
True or False: The bodies of most fungi are made up of a network of filaments called hyphae. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 19 | |
What is the difference between land fungi and the chytrids? |
| | A) | Land fungi are motile and have flagella at all stages of their life cycle. The chytrids do not have flagella. |
| | B) | Land fungi are nonmotile and do not have flagella at any stage of their life cycle. The chytrids have flagellated spores and gametes. |
| | C) | Land fungi are nonmotile and only have flagellated spores. The chytrids have flagellated spores and gametes. |
| | D) | Both are motile for part of their life cycle. Land fungi are motile as gametes. Chytrids are motile as spores. |
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| 20 | |
The vast majority of described species of fungi are __________ fungi, which include unicellular __________, which reproduce sexually once their food supply runs out. When yeast ferment, they produce ethanol and carbon dioxide. |
| | A) | zygospore; black bread molds |
| | B) | club; mushroom |
| | C) | sac; yeast |
| | D) | mutualistic; lichen |
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