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| 1 | |
Water is transported from the roots to the stems to the leaves by vascular tissue called _________, which contains two types of conducting cells: __________. |
| | A) | phloem; tracheids and vessel elements |
| | B) | xylem; sieve-tube members and companion cells |
| | C) | phloem; sieve-tube members and companion cells |
| | D) | xylem; tracheids and vessel elements |
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| 2 | |
Sugar and other organic materials are transported throughout a plant by vascular tissue called _________, which contains two types of cells: __________. |
| | A) | phloem; sieve-tube members and companion cells |
| | B) | xylem; sieve-tube members and companion cells |
| | C) | phloem; tracheids and vessel elements |
| | D) | xylem; tracheids and vessel elements |
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| 3 | |
True or False: The transport cells that make up the xylem are alive. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 4 | |
The movement of water from the roots to the leaves is achieved in large part due to the polarity of water molecules and the hydrogen bonds between water molecules. This is best explained by |
| | A) | osmosis. |
| | B) | active transport. |
| | C) | the pressure-flow model. |
| | D) | the cohesion-tension model. |
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| 5 | |
Water is lost by evaporation through leaf stomata in a process called __________; this process contributes to __________. |
| | A) | active transport; keeping the water column in place |
| | B) | cohesion; the continuous nature of the water column |
| | C) | transpiration; tension in the xylem that pulls water upwards |
| | D) | translocation; the movement of sugars in the opposite direction |
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| 6 | |
Stomata, the small openings in leaves, are bordered by guard cells, which regulate the opening and closing of each stoma. When water enters the guard cells, turgor pressure __________ and the stomata __________. When water exits the guard cells, turgor pressure __________ and the stomata __________. |
| | A) | decreases; open; increases; close |
| | B) | increases; close; decreases; open |
| | C) | decreases; close; increases; open |
| | D) | increases; open; decreases; close |
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| 7 | |
Other than the uptake or release of water by the guard cells, what factors regulate the opening and closing of the stomata? |
| | A) | All of these things regulate the opening and closing of the stomata. |
| | B) | the presence or absence of abscisic acid. |
| | C) | the presence or absence of light. |
| | D) | changes in concentration of carbon dioxide. |
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| 8 | |
When __________ ions enter the guard cells, osmotic pressure is created and the stomata are open; __________ ions accumulate outside the open guard cells. These ions create a chemical and electrical gradient that allows water to flow by osmosis. |
| | A) | hydrogen (H+); sodium (Na+) |
| | B) | sodium (Na+); potassium (K+) |
| | C) | hydrogen (H+); potassium (K+) |
| | D) | potassium (K+); hydrogen (H+) |
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| 9 | |
Which part of the plant is a sink for sugar, meaning sugar is removed and used in a cellular process from this part? |
| | A) | the roots |
| | B) | the leaves |
| | C) | the phloem |
| | D) | the xylem |
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| 10 | |
The movement of organic molecules, like the sugar made in the photosynthesizing leaves of a plant, throughout the rest of the plant is achieved as a result of differences in concentrations of dissolved solutes (organic molecules) between sources and sinks, along with mechanisms like electrochemical gradients and active transport. This overall process is best explained by |
| | A) | osmosis. |
| | B) | active transport. |
| | C) | the cohesion-tension model. |
| | D) | the pressure-flow model. |
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| 11 | |
Sugar is actively transported in the phloem after a proton pump establishes an electrochemical gradient. Sugar moves |
| | A) | with the H+ ions, against the concentration gradient, out of the sieve tubes. |
| | B) | in the opposite direction of H+ ions, against the concentration gradient, into the sieve tubes. |
| | C) | with H+ ions, down the concentration gradient, into the sieve tubes. |
| | D) | in the opposite direction of H+ ions, down the concentration gradient, into the sieve tubes. |
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| 12 | |
In the process of moving sugars throughout the plant in the phloem, water enters and exits the phloem |
| | A) | actively with energy from ATP. |
| | B) | passively via membrane proteins. |
| | C) | actively via membrane proteins. |
| | D) | passively by osmosis. |
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| 13 | |
Plants require some elements, like carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, in large quantities; these are called __________. Other elements, like iron and copper, are only required in trace amounts; these are called __________. |
| | A) | beneficial nutrients; micronutrients |
| | B) | micronutrients; macronutrients |
| | C) | minerals; vitamins |
| | D) | macronutrients; micronutrients |
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| 14 | |
Beneficial nutrients are |
| | A) | not required. |
| | B) | required for or enhance the growth of a particular plant. |
| | C) | the same for all plants. |
| | D) | a special group of nutrients that enhance the growth of all plants. |
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| 15 | |
Which tissue in the root regulates the entrance of minerals into the xylem? |
| | A) | the epidermis |
| | B) | the cortex |
| | C) | the endodermis |
| | D) | the root hairs |
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| 16 | |
Topsoil belongs to which soil horizon? |
| | A) | Topsoil is not part included in any of these soil horizons. |
| | B) | C horizon |
| | C) | B horizon |
| | D) | A horizon |
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| 17 | |
The majority of minerals are found in which soil horizon? |
| | A) | horizon B |
| | B) | horizon A |
| | C) | horizon C |
| | D) | minerals are found in all of these horizons |
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| 18 | |
Clay particles are capable of retaining __________ charged minerals like calcium and potassium, but __________ charged minerals like nitrogen and phosphate are leeched out and are often replenished with __________. |
| | A) | negatively; positively; potting soil |
| | B) | positively; negatively; potting soil |
| | C) | negatively; positively; fertilizers |
| | D) | positively; negatively; fertilizers |
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| 19 | |
Which of the following are projections of specialized epidermal cells that are responsible for increasing the absorptive surface of a root? |
| | A) | petioles |
| | B) | root hairs |
| | C) | axillary buds |
| | D) | internodes |
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| 20 | |
In order to help them acquire nutrients, plants use bacteria and fungi in mutualistic relationships. Root nodules contain __________ that receive carbohydrates from a plant and help it break down __________. Mycorrhizae involve __________ and plant roots, which benefits the plant because it increases the surface area of roots for absorption of minerals and water in exchange for sugars and amino acids. |
| | A) | fungus; organic matter in soil; bacteria |
| | B) | bacteria; organic matter in soil; fungus |
| | C) | bacteria; nitrogen; fungus |
| | D) | fungus; nitrogen; bacteria |
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