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| 1 | |
As a whole, the nervous system functions in the coordination and regulation of the body’s other systems. This control system has two parts: the __________ nervous system, which specializes in information processing and integration, and the __________ nervous system, which allows communication between the brain and spinal cord and the rest of the body. Both parts are composed of __________. |
| | A) | peripheral; central; neuroglia |
| | B) | central; peripheral; sensory fibers |
| | C) | peripheral; central; motor fibers |
| | D) | central; peripheral; neurons |
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| 2 | |
Which of the following are types of neurons? |
| | A) | all three of these are types of neurons |
| | B) | motor |
| | C) | sensory |
| | D) | interneurons |
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| 3 | |
Which type of neuron has many dendrites, a single axon, and functions to carry nerve impulses from the central nervous system to muscles or glands? |
| | A) | motor neurons |
| | B) | sensory neurons |
| | C) | interneurons |
| | D) | neuroglia |
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| 4 | |
True or False: Interneurons are found in the CNS and the PNS. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 5 | |
__________ conduct nerve impulses between parts of the CNS. __________ take nerve impulses from receptors, such as those for pain or touch, to the CNS. |
| | A) | sensory neurons; interneurons |
| | B) | interneurons; motor neurons |
| | C) | interneurons; sensory neurons |
| | D) | sensory neurons; motor neurons |
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| 6 | |
The sodium-potassium pump moves __________ a neuron, creating a membrane potential. Because these ions are distributed __________, a membrane potential exists. |
| | A) | sodium ions into and potassium ions out of; unequally |
| | B) | sodium and potassium ions into; equally |
| | C) | sodium and potassium ions out of; equally |
| | D) | sodium ions out of and potassium ions into; unequally |
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| 7 | |
When the inside of the neuron is more negative than the outside, the neuron is __________, and is at its __________. As a neuron’s __________ begins, sodium flows into the neuron and the inside becomes more positive that the outside. This process is called depolarization. |
| | A) | not conducting an impulse; resting potential; action potential |
| | B) | conducting an impulse; action potential; resting potential |
| | C) | not conducting an impulse; action potential; resting potential |
| | D) | conducting an impulse; resting potential; action potential |
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| 8 | |
In myelinated axons, action potentials jump from node to node in a mode of conduction called saltatory conduction because |
| | A) | the refractory period prevents the action potential from moving forward. |
| | B) | the gated ion channels that produce an action potential are evenly distributed along the entire axon. |
| | C) | the refractory period allows the action potential to move in both directions. |
| | D) | the gated ion channels that produce an action potential are concentrated at the nodes of Ranvier. |
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| 9 | |
A nerve impulse cannot cross a synaptic cleft, the small gap in between neurons. Transmission of the impulse is achieved by |
| | A) | sodium ions. |
| | B) | molecules called neurotransmitters. |
| | C) | potassium ions. |
| | D) | the nodes of Ranvier. |
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| 10 | |
Neurons, which can have many synapses, sum up the excitatory and inhibitory signals they receive in a process called |
| | A) | reticular formation. |
| | B) | transmission. |
| | C) | integration. |
| | D) | summation. |
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| 11 | |
Bundles of myelinated long fibers of interneurons, which connect the spinal cord to the brain, compose the ___________ matter. Portions of sensory and motor neurons, along with short interneurons that connect sensory and motor neurons, compose the __________ matter, which is the __________ of the spinal cord. |
| | A) | gray; white; peripheral region |
| | B) | gray; white; central region |
| | C) | white; gray; peripheral region |
| | D) | white; gray; central region |
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| 12 | |
The largest portion of the brain in humans is the __________. It is divided into __________, which are further divided into __________. |
| | A) | cerebrum; two hemispheres; lobes |
| | B) | the frontal lobe; two hemispheres; sulci |
| | C) | the temporal lobe; four ventricles; sulci |
| | D) | the basal nuclei; four ventricles; lobes |
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| 13 | |
Masses of gray matter, found deep within the white matter that makes up the __________ of the cerebrum, are called __________; they function to integrate motor commands. |
| | A) | minority; lobes |
| | B) | majority; lobes |
| | C) | minority; basal nuclei |
| | D) | majority; basal nuclei |
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| 14 | |
Visual, auditory, and somatosensory information from the cranial nerves and tracts of the spinal cord arrives where in the brain? |
| | A) | the hypothalamus |
| | B) | the thalamus |
| | C) | the midbrain |
| | D) | the medulla oblongata |
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| 15 | |
The reticular activating system (RAS) receives __________ signals and sends them to higher centers of the brain; it also receives __________ signals that it sends to the spinal cord. The RAS causes a person to be __________. |
| | A) | sensory; motor; comatose |
| | B) | motor; sensory; alert |
| | C) | sensory; motor; alert |
| | D) | motor; sensory; comatose |
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| 16 | |
Which portions of the brain comprise the limbic system, which functions to blend higher mental functions and primitive emotions |
| | A) | the diencephalon. |
| | B) | the central lobes. |
| | C) | the basal nuclei. |
| | D) | All of these portions of the brain are part of the limbic system. |
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| 17 | |
The emotional charge felt in conjunction with some memories comes from which structure of the limbic system? |
| | A) | the amygdala |
| | B) | the hippocampus |
| | C) | the basal nuclei |
| | D) | the diencephalon |
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| 18 | |
True or False: Most nerves of the PNS are mixed nerves that contain axons of sensory and motor neurons. Thus, they are able to send sensory information to the CNS and motor directives from the CNS. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 19 | |
The __________ system of the PNS is further divided into the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions; this system __________ regulates glands, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle. Nerves that take sensory information from external sensory receptors to the CNS and motor commands away from the CNS are part of the __________ system of the PNS. |
| | A) | somatic; voluntarily; autonomic |
| | B) | somatic; involuntarily; autonomic |
| | C) | autonomic; involuntarily; somatic |
| | D) | autonomic; voluntarily; somatic |
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| 20 | |
Drugs influence the body as a result of |
| | A) | replacement of the neurotransmitters in the body with synthetic versions found in the drugs. |
| | B) | over stimulating the excitatory response to neurotransmitters. |
| | C) | the neurotransmitters released in response to them, or changes to the release and uptake of neurotransmitters. |
| | D) | over stimulating the inhibitory response to neurotransmitters. |
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