 |
| 1 | |
Which of the following is a rigid external skeleton that one might see in a mollusc or arthropod? |
| | A) | hydrostatic skeleton |
| | B) | endoskeleton |
| | C) | pseudoskeleton |
| | D) | exoskeleton |
|
|
|
| 2 | |
Which of the following is a fluid-filled coelom that offers support and resistance to the contraction of muscles to allow an animal’s mobility? |
| | A) | hydrostatic skeleton |
| | B) | endoskeleton |
| | C) | pseudoskeleton |
| | D) | exoskeleton |
|
|
|
| 3 | |
True or False: Animals with exoskeletons or endoskeletons move body parts by means of muscular hydrostats. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
| 4 | |
An endoskeleton might be composed of |
| | A) | calcium carbonate. |
| | B) | different animals have endoskeletons composed of all of these materials. |
| | C) | living tissue. |
| | D) | cartilage. |
|
|
|
| 5 | |
Crayfish and humans both have __________ skeletons; the crayfish has an exoskeleton, while humans have an endoskeleton. Despite their difference in location, these skeletons both frame the body, and protect __________. |
| | A) | jointed; the animal from desiccation |
| | B) | rigid; internal organs |
| | C) | jointed; internal organs |
| | D) | rigid; the animal from desiccation |
|
|
|
| 6 | |
Which of the following functions is NOT shared by human and crayfish skeletons? |
| | A) | assistance in digestion |
| | B) | calcium storage |
| | C) | locomotion |
| | D) | assistance in all phases of respiration |
|
|
|
| 7 | |
The __________ portion of the human skeleton lies in the midline of the body. This part of the skeleton includes the __________. |
| | A) | axial; skull, rib cage, and vertebral column |
| | B) | axial; shoulders, arms, hips, and legs |
| | C) | appendicular; skull, rib cage, and vertebral column |
| | D) | appendicular; shoulders, arms, hips, and legs |
|
|
|
| 8 | |
Other than ribs, what structure(s) is/are found in the rib cage? |
| | A) | costal cartilages |
| | B) | the sternum |
| | C) | the thoracic vertebrae |
| | D) | all of these structures are part of the rib cage |
|
|
|
| 9 | |
The appendicular portion of the mammalian skeleton |
| | A) | consists of the arms and legs. |
| | B) | consists of bones within girdles and the attached limbs. |
| | C) | consists of the hips and shoulders. |
| | D) | protects the vital organs. |
|
|
|
| 10 | |
The bones of the __________ girdle are specialized for strength, while the bones of the __________ are specialized for flexibility and are loosely linked together by __________. |
| | A) | pelvic; pectoral; tendons |
| | B) | pectoral; pelvic; ligaments |
| | C) | pelvic; pectoral; ligaments |
| | D) | pectoral; pelvic; tendons |
|
|
|
| 11 | |
Yellow bone marrow is found in __________, while red bone marrow is found in __________. |
| | A) | the hyaline cartilage; the compact bone portion of long bones |
| | B) | the compact bone portion of long bones; the hyaline cartilage |
| | C) | the spaces in spongy bone; the medullary cavity of a long bone |
| | D) | the medullary cavity of a long bone; the spaces in spongy bone at the ends of long bones |
|
|
|
| 12 | |
The shaft of a long bone is made of compact bone which contains many osteons, where __________ derived from __________ lie in lacunae. The lacunae are arranged around canals that contain __________. |
| | A) | osteocytes; osteoblasts; blood vessels and nerves |
| | B) | osteoblasts; osteocytes; blood vessels and nerves |
| | C) | osteoblasts; osteocytes; calcium and phosphorus salt deposits |
| | D) | osteocytes; osteoblasts; calcium and phosphorus salt deposits |
|
|
|
| 13 | |
Which type of joint is freely movable? |
| | A) | fibrous joints |
| | B) | synovial joints |
| | C) | cartilaginous joints |
| | D) | All joints are freely movable. |
|
|
|
| 14 | |
Which type of joints are the sutures found between the cranial bones? |
| | A) | all of these joints are found in the suture between the cranial bones |
| | B) | fibrous joints |
| | C) | cartilaginous joints |
| | D) | synovial joints |
|
|
|
| 15 | |
There is no tissue between the bones of a synovial joint. How is the join stabilized? |
| | A) | by tendons |
| | B) | by ligaments |
| | C) | synovial joints are stabilized by all of these things |
| | D) | by the joint capsule |
|
|
|
| 16 | |
Muscles are attached to bones by __________, a fibrous connective tissue. Skeletal muscles work __________ because they pull but cannot push. |
| | A) | tendons; alone |
| | B) | cartilage; in antagonistic pairs |
| | C) | tendons; in antagonistic pairs |
| | D) | cartilage; alone |
|
|
|
| 17 | |
A skeletal muscle is divided into motor units, all of the muscle fibers under the control of __________. Stimulation by a single stimulus causes a reaction in a motor unit called __________. |
| | A) | several localized motor axons; summation |
| | B) | a single motor axon; tetanus |
| | C) | several localized motor axons; a latent period |
| | D) | a single motor axon; simple muscle twitch |
|
|
|
| 18 | |
The contractile portions of muscle cells, the __________, are made up of several contractile units called _________. |
| | A) | myofibrils; sarcomeres |
| | B) | sarcolemma; sarcomeres |
| | C) | myofibrils; sarcoplasmic reticulum |
| | D) | sarcolemma; sarcoplasmic reticulum |
|
|
|
| 19 | |
Once stored ATP is used up, muscle cells can acquire ATP for contraction from |
| | A) | the creatine phosphate pathway, which takes place in a reaction in the midst of sliding filaments. |
| | B) | Muscle cells can acquire ATP for contraction from all of these sources. |
| | C) | fermentation, which is fast-acting but results in the buildup of lactate and muscle aches and fatigue can result. |
| | D) | cellular respiration, which takes place in the muscle cells’ mitochondria. |
|
|
|
| 20 | |
Fast-twitch muscle fibers are designed for strength; they usually rely on the __________ creatine phosphate pathway or fermentation for ATP, pathways that produce energy __________. Slow-twitch muscle fibers tend to prefer cellular respiration; thus, they produce energy __________ for muscles that are most helpful in sport like long-distance running and swimming. |
| | A) | aerobic; quickly; anaerobically |
| | B) | aerobic; slowly; aerobically |
| | C) | anaerobic; quickly; aerobically |
| | D) | anaerobic; slowly; anaerobically |
|
|
.