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| 1 | |
The lymphatic system |
| | A) | takes up excess tissue fluid and returns it to the bloodstream. |
| | B) | absorbs fats in the intestines and transports them to the bloodstream. |
| | C) | defends the body against pathogens. |
| | D) | The lymphatic system does all of these things. |
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| 2 | |
The lymphatic system __________ lymphocytes. |
| | A) | the lymphatic system is responsible for the production, maintenance, and distribution of lymphocytes |
| | B) | produces |
| | C) | maintains |
| | D) | distributes |
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| 3 | |
The lymphatic system is a __________ system; to this end, the lymphatic capillaries are __________ vessels. |
| | A) | circulatory; open-ended |
| | B) | one-way; just like blood |
| | C) | circulatory; just like blood |
| | D) | one-way; closed-ended |
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| 4 | |
Patches of lymphatic tissue, which include the Peyer patches of the intestinal wall, the tonsils, and the __________, are structures that encounter pathogens and antigens that enter the body through the __________. |
| | A) | spleen; mouth |
| | B) | appendix; mouth |
| | C) | spleen; skin |
| | D) | appendix; skin |
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| 5 | |
Red bone marrow |
| | A) | removes old and defective blood cells. |
| | B) | is the sight of T cell maturation. |
| | C) | houses stem cells, which are capable of dividing and producing various types of blood cells. |
| | D) | contains macrophages that engulf debris and pathogens. |
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| 6 | |
A lymph node |
| | A) | removes old and defective blood cells. |
| | B) | is the sight of T cell maturation. |
| | C) | houses stem cells, which are capable of dividing and producing various types of blood cells. |
| | D) | contains macrophages that engulf debris and pathogens. |
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| 7 | |
The spleen |
| | A) | removes old and defective blood cells. |
| | B) | is the sight of T cell maturation. |
| | C) | houses stem cells, which are capable of dividing and producing various types of blood cells. |
| | D) | contains macrophages that engulf debris and pathogens. |
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| 8 | |
The thymus gland |
| | A) | removes old and defective blood cells. |
| | B) | is the sight of T cell maturation. |
| | C) | houses stem cells, which are capable of dividing and producing various types of blood cells. |
| | D) | contains macrophages that engulf debris and pathogens. |
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| 9 | |
True or False: Innate immunity develops following exposure to pathogens. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 10 | |
Innate immunity includes |
| | A) | active and passive immunity. |
| | B) | specific and nonspecific immunity. |
| | C) | barriers to pathogen entry, protective proteins, phagocytes and natural killer cells, and the inflammatory response. |
| | D) | mechanisms that are specific to a particular disease including B cells and T cells. |
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| 11 | |
Which step in the inflammatory response stimulates the immune response? |
| | A) | the release of histamine by injured tissue and mast cells |
| | B) | platelets plugging a vessel to prevent blood loss |
| | C) | the physical reaction of the tissue: swelling, redness, heat, and pain |
| | D) | the release of cytokines by macrophages and dendritic cells |
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| 12 | |
A foreign antigen __________; a self antigen __________. |
| | A) | is not produced by the body; is produced by the body |
| | B) | causes diabetes; cannot be attacked by the immune system |
| | C) | cannot be attacked by the immune system; causes diabetes |
| | D) | seems new to the body each time it invades; initiates innate immunity |
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| 13 | |
Adaptive immunity that develops naturally is called __________ immunity; this type may also be induced artificially, with __________. Adaptive immunity that occurs as a response to treatment of an infection with prepared antibodies is called __________ immunity; this type of immunity __________. |
| | A) | passive; immunoglobulins; active; last forever |
| | B) | active; immunoglobulins; passive; is short-lived |
| | C) | passive; vaccination; active; lasts forever |
| | D) | active; vaccination; passive; is short-lived |
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| 14 | |
Adaptive immunity relies primarily upon __________ called B cells and T cells, which are produced by the ___________. |
| | A) | antigens; spleen |
| | B) | lymphocytes; red bone marrow |
| | C) | antigens; red bone marrow |
| | D) | lymphocytes; spleen |
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| 15 | |
B cells are responsible for __________ immunity, during which they combine with antigens and give rise to antibody-producing plasma cells. T cells are responsible for __________ immunity; they do not recognize antigen without the help of antigen-presenting cells like __________. |
| | A) | antibody-mediated; cell-mediated; plasma cells |
| | B) | cell-mediated; antibody-mediated; macrophages |
| | C) | antibody-mediated; cell-mediated; macrophages |
| | D) | cell-mediated; antibody-mediated; plasma cells |
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| 16 | |
The clonal selection model describes the process by which __________. The results of this process can be __________. |
| | A) | pathogens invade the body; eradication of infection or chronic illness |
| | B) | a vaccination is prepared; used to prevent future infection |
| | C) | a T cell receptor combines with an antigen; helper T cells or cytotoxic T cells |
| | D) | a B cell receptor combines with an antigen; memory B cells or plasma cells |
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| 17 | |
Antigen-presenting cells (APCs), such as __________, aid T cells in recognizing antigen. They phagocytize a pathogen, displaying part of it in a surface protein called a major histocompatibility protein (an MHC), of which there are two classes: I and II. Helper T cells only recognize an antigen in combination with an MHC class __________ molecule; cytotoxic T cells only recognize antigen in combination with MHC class __________ molecules. |
| | A) | macrophages and dendritic cells; II; I |
| | B) | macrophages and dendritic cells; I; II |
| | C) | memory T cells and plasma cells; II; I |
| | D) | memory T cells and plasma cells; I; II |
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| 18 | |
Cytotoxic T cells destroy virus-infected cells and/or cancer cells by first binding the cell and releasing __________, resulting in the formation of a pore in the plasma membrane of the infected/cancer cell. Then, the cytotoxic T cell delivers ___________ into the pore, which causes the cell to undergo osmotic destruction and die. |
| | A) | memory T cells; plasma T cells |
| | B) | plasma T cells; memory T cells |
| | C) | granzymes; perforin |
| | D) | perforin; granzymes |
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| 19 | |
MHC proteins are self-antigens because they mark cells as belonging to a particular individual and therefore, make transplantation of organs |
| | A) | possible, since MHC proteins can be matched before the transplant. |
| | B) | difficult, since tissue rejection may result |
| | C) | impossible because the immune system cannot be kept from doing its job. |
| | D) | extremely easy because blood type is more important and the body easily adapts to foreign MHC proteins. |
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| 20 | |
An autoimmune disorder results when |
| | A) | the immune system does not fight off diseases. |
| | B) | the body cannot initiate an inflammation response. |
| | C) | the body cannot properly distinguish between foreign antigens and self-antigens, and attacks the body’s own tissues. |
| | D) | cytotoxic T cells and/or antibodies are not produced. |
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