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| 1 | |
Snakes and humans are an example of __________ feeders, taking in chunks of food or even whole organisms in one feeding. A __________ feeder lives on or in the material they eat. |
| | A) | bulk; fluid |
| | B) | substrate; filter |
| | C) | filter; bulk |
| | D) | bulk; substrate |
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| 2 | |
Which list includes the phases of human digestion, in order from beginning to end? |
| | A) | ingestion, digestion, absorption, elimination |
| | B) | ingestion, absorption, digestion, elimination |
| | C) | elimination, absorption, digestion, ingestion |
| | D) | absorption, digestion, elimination, ingestion |
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| 3 | |
The mouth, the first part of the human digestive system, accomplishes |
| | A) | elimination of wastes from the body. |
| | B) | chemical digestion via salivary amylase. |
| | C) | mechanical digestion by breaking food into smaller fragments. |
| | D) | mechanical digestion by breaking food into smaller fragments and chemical digestion via salivary amylase. |
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| 4 | |
The saliva secreted into the mouth by __________ salivary glands has a __________ pH. |
| | A) | two pairs; basic |
| | B) | three pairs; neutral |
| | C) | three; acidic |
| | D) | two; neutral |
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| 5 | |
Swallowing occurs in the __________; since the food passage and air passage cross here, the __________ covers the opening to the air passages during the process of swallowing. |
| | A) | trachea; glottis |
| | B) | pharynx; glottis |
| | C) | pharynx; epiglottis |
| | D) | trachea; epiglottis |
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| 6 | |
Swallowing is a(n) |
| | A) | form of chemical digestion. |
| | B) | the process of nutrient absorption. |
| | C) | voluntary process. |
| | D) | automatic, involuntary process. |
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| 7 | |
The esophagus __________ chemical digestion. A rhythmic contraction of muscles in the esophagus, termed peristalsis, moves __________ along the digestive tract. |
| | A) | plays no role in; a mixture of chewed food and saliva called the food bolus |
| | B) | completes; a mixture of chewed food and saliva called the food bolus |
| | C) | begins; chyme |
| | D) | plays a large role in; chyme |
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| 8 | |
The stomach, which is located between the esophagus and the __________ of the small intestine, has acidic contents; sphincters are muscles that, when __________, prevent the stomach’s acidic contents from backing up into the esophagus. |
| | A) | duodenum; relaxed |
| | B) | cecum; contracted |
| | C) | cecum; relaxed |
| | D) | duodenum; contracted |
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| 9 | |
The stomach functions to |
| | A) | store food. |
| | B) | the stomach performs all three of these functions. |
| | C) | initiate the digestion of protein with pepsin. |
| | D) | control the movement of digested food into the small intestine. |
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| 10 | |
The small intestine contains pancreatic juices; __________ in these juices helps to neutralize the acidic chyme coming from the stomach. The pancreatic juices also contain enzymes such as __________, which digests starch, and __________, which digests protein. |
| | A) | sodium bicarbonate; lipase; nuclease |
| | B) | hydrochloric acid; nuclease, lipase |
| | C) | sodium bicarbonate; pancreatic amylase; trypsin |
| | D) | hydrochloric acid; trypsin; pancreatic amylase |
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| 11 | |
True or False: Mechanical digestion occurs in the large intestine. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 12 | |
The large intestine functions to __________ from indigestible material. It also stores indigestible material until it is eliminated as feces. |
| | A) | absorb water, salts, and some vitamins |
| | B) | absorb water |
| | C) | absorb salts |
| | D) | absorb some vitamins |
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| 13 | |
Which of the following organs has both endocrine and exocrine functions? |
| | A) | the liver |
| | B) | the stomach |
| | C) | the pancreas |
| | D) | the esophagus |
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| 14 | |
The liver functions to remove and detoxify poisonous substances in the blood, to remove and store important vitamins, to maintain __________, to form __________ from ammonia and carbon dioxide, which is later excreted by the kidneys, and to produce __________, which is stored in the gallbladder. |
| | A) | blood pressure; bile; urea |
| | B) | blood glucose; urea; bile |
| | C) | blood pressure; urea; bile |
| | D) | blood glucose; bile; urea |
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| 15 | |
There are three types of the viral infection hepatitis, which infects the liver. Hepatitis __________ can be spread through unsterilized needles used in tattoos or shared amongst intravenous drug users. Contaminated food is the most frequent cause of hepatitis __________. Hepatitis __________ can be spread via sexual contact. |
| | A) | C; A and B; C |
| | B) | A and B; C; A and B |
| | C) | B and C; A; A, B, and C |
| | D) | C; A and B; A, B, and C |
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| 16 | |
__________ is a chronic liver disease in which the liver first becomes fatty and then its tissue is replaced with inactive scar tissue. __________ is a disorder characterized by yellowing skin due to a large quantity of bile in the blood. Gallstones can be an underlying cause for __________. |
| | A) | jaundice; obstructive jaundice; cirrhosis |
| | B) | cirrhosis; jaundice; hemolytic jaundice |
| | C) | jaundice; cirrhosis; hemolytic jaundice |
| | D) | cirrhosis; jaundice; obstructive jaundice |
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| 17 | |
__________ provide glucose to the body, which is the preferred energy source for cells. This nutrient __________ in most animal foods. |
| | A) | carbohydrates; is not found |
| | B) | proteins; is not found |
| | C) | proteins; is found |
| | D) | carbohydrates; is found |
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| 18 | |
__________ supply energy for cells, but are stored for the long term in the body. It is recommended that mostly __________ forms be consumed, since __________ forms contribute to high cholesterol and risk of cardiovascular disease. |
| | A) | lipids; saturated; unsaturated |
| | B) | proteins; plant; animal |
| | C) | proteins; animal; plant |
| | D) | lipids; unsaturated; saturated |
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| 19 | |
Cells use the amino acids derived from dietary proteins to _________. Protein __________ supply the majority of a person’s caloric intake; not all of the amino acids contained in food sources of protein are converted to muscle. |
| | A) | synthesize bile, steroid hormones, and vitamin D; should |
| | B) | synthesize cellular proteins; should not |
| | C) | synthesize bile, steroid hormones, and vitamin D; should not |
| | D) | synthesize cellular proteins; should |
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| 20 | |
Organic compounds that the body is unable to produce, but needs in order to regulate metabolic activities are called __________; some of these defend the body against free radicals and are called __________. Iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc are examples of __________; the body requires more than 5g of some of these, and less than 5g of others. |
| | A) | minerals; major minerals; vitamins |
| | B) | vitamins; complete vitamins; minerals |
| | C) | vitamins; antioxidants; minerals |
| | D) | minerals; antioxidants; vitamins |
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