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| 1 | |
The __________ step of respiration includes __________, during which air enters the lungs, and __________ during which air exits the lungs. |
| | A) | ventilation; external respiration; internal respiration |
| | B) | respiration; external respiration; internal respiration |
| | C) | respiration; inspiration; expiration |
| | D) | ventilation; inspiration; expiration |
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| 2 | |
External respiration is |
| | A) | gas exchange between the air and the blood within the lungs. |
| | B) | gas exchange between the blood and the tissue fluid. |
| | C) | another way to say breathing. |
| | D) | the process by which air exits the lungs. |
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| 3 | |
Internal respiration is |
| | A) | gas exchange between the air and the blood within the lungs. |
| | B) | the process by which air exits the lungs. |
| | C) | another way to say breathing. |
| | D) | gas exchange between the blood and the tissue fluid. |
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| 4 | |
Gas exchange occurs via diffusion. Effective external respiration requires a region of the body that is |
| | A) | dry, thin, and small in relation to the size of the body. |
| | B) | moist, thin, and large in relation to the size of the body. |
| | C) | moist. |
| | D) | thin. |
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| 5 | |
Oxygen enters the mitochondria |
| | A) | only if an organism has lungs and a respiratory pigment. |
| | B) | only if an organism has gills. |
| | C) | regardless of the external respiration surface or the manner in which gases are delivered to the cells. |
| | D) | only if an organism has a respiratory pigment. |
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| 6 | |
Fish use a countercurrent flow mechanism to transfer oxygen from the surrounding water into their blood. This mechanism is characterized by |
| | A) | capturing 100% of the dissolved oxygen in water. |
| | B) | O2-rich water passing over the gills in the same direction as O2-poor blood in the blood vessels. |
| | C) | capturing half the oxygen of the water that passes over the gills. |
| | D) | O2-rich water passing over the gills in the opposite direction as O2-poor blood in the blood vessels. |
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| 7 | |
Arthropod trachea |
| | A) | deliver oxygen directly to the organism’s cells. |
| | B) | take oxygen to the organism’s lungs. |
| | C) | deliver oxygen but cannot dispose of carbon dioxide. |
| | D) | are faulty because they do not have a mechanism to prevent water loss through their openings to the outside. |
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| 8 | |
Insects use a tracheal system for respiration |
| | A) | because the trachea are closely connected to the insect’s lungs. |
| | B) | despite the efficiency of blood flow in their bodies. |
| | C) | in close association with their highly efficient circulatory system. |
| | D) | in order to supply adequate oxygen to their flight muscles to make up for their inefficient blood flow. |
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| 9 | |
Which is the correct path of air from the time it enters the body to the time at which it reaches the lungs? |
| | A) | mouth/nose → larynx → glottis → pharynx → trachea → bronchi → bronchioles → alveoli |
| | B) | mouth/nose → pharynx → glottis → larynx → trachea → bronchioles → bronchi → alveoli |
| | C) | mouth/nose → larynx → glottis → pharynx → trachea → bronchioles → bronchi → alveoli |
| | D) | mouth/nose → pharynx → glottis → larynx → trachea → bronchi → bronchioles → alveoli |
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| 10 | |
Air passing along the respiratory tract is |
| | A) | filtered. |
| | B) | warmed. |
| | C) | filtered, warmed, and humidified. |
| | D) | humidified. |
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| 11 | |
True or False: Cilia acts as a screening mechanism in the nasal cavities and in the trachea and bronchi. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 12 | |
Which structure in the human ventilation system is the voice box? |
| | A) | the larynx |
| | B) | the glottis |
| | C) | the trachea |
| | D) | the epiglottis |
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| 13 | |
A complex of nine cartilages hold this structure open, so that it may receive air at all times. |
| | A) | the glottis |
| | B) | the esophagus |
| | C) | the trachea |
| | D) | the larynx |
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| 14 | |
External gas exchange occurs between in the air in the alveoli and the blood in the |
| | A) | pulmonary arteries. |
| | B) | pulmonary capillaries. |
| | C) | pulmonary venules. |
| | D) | External gas exchange does not occur in the lungs. |
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| 15 | |
During inspiration in mammals, the diaphragm muscles __________ and the ribs ___________. During expiration, the diaphragm muscles __________, and the ribs __________. |
| | A) | relax; move down; contract; move up |
| | B) | contract; move up; relax; move down |
| | C) | contract; move down; relax; move up |
| | D) | relax; move up; contract; move down |
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| 16 | |
Reptiles and mammals use __________ pressure to move air into the lungs and __________ pressure to force air out of the lungs. __________ have ribs and a diaphragm that participate in the process of ventilation. |
| | A) | positive; negative; mammals |
| | B) | positive; negative; both reptiles and mammals |
| | C) | negative; positive; reptiles |
| | D) | negative; positive; mammals |
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| 17 | |
The ventilation mechanisms of birds and humans |
| | A) | are different in that air enters and exits along the same route in humans but along separate routes in birds. |
| | B) | are identical. |
| | C) | are different in that air enters and exits along the same route in birds but along separate routes in humans. |
| | D) | both keep O2-rich air from mixing with used air, increasing gas exchange efficiency. |
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| 18 | |
The respiratory center, located in the medulla oblongata, is stimulated by |
| | A) | the level of oxygen in the blood. |
| | B) | the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood. |
| | C) | the level of carbon dioxide in the blood. |
| | D) | the levels of hydrogen ions in the blood. |
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| 19 | |
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between alveolar air and blood is governed by |
| | A) | gravity. |
| | B) | diffusion. |
| | C) | blood pressure. |
| | D) | active transport. |
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| 20 | |
Hemoglobin functions to |
| | A) | provide iron in the blood. |
| | B) | transport carbonic anhydrase. |
| | C) | carry oxygen and buffer the blood. |
| | D) | raise the temperature of tissue as compared to the lungs. |
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