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| 1 | |
Excretion rids the body of |
| | A) | excess food. |
| | B) | indigestible ingested materials. |
| | C) | cellular metabolic wastes. |
| | D) | Excretion rids the body of all of these. |
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| 2 | |
It is advantageous to covert amino groups to __________ for excretion because this substance is insoluble and relatively nontoxic. This nitrogenous waste is produced by __________. |
| | A) | urea; insects, reptiles, and birds |
| | B) | urea; sharks, adult amphibians, and mammals |
| | C) | uric acid; sharks, adult amphibians, and mammals |
| | D) | uric acid; insects, reptiles, and birds |
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| 3 | |
It is advantageous to convert amino groups to __________ for excretion in a concentrated solution, which allows the body to conserve water. This nitrogenous waste is produced by __________. |
| | A) | urea; sharks, adult amphibians, and mammals |
| | B) | ammonia; sharks, adult amphibians, and mammals |
| | C) | ammonia; fishes and other aquatic mammals |
| | D) | urea; fishes and other aquatic animals |
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| 4 | |
Converting amino groups to __________ for excretion is extremely energy efficient but this substance is highly toxic; this is the nitrogenous waste of choice if plenty of water is present to wash it from the body. This waste product is produced by __________. |
| | A) | ammonia; insects, reptiles, and birds |
| | B) | urea; insects, reptiles and birds |
| | C) | urea; fish and other aquatic animals |
| | D) | ammonia; fish and other aquatic animals |
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| 5 | |
The flatworm excretory organs consist of |
| | A) | pairs of nephridia. |
| | B) | flame cells located along two strands of branching tubules. |
| | C) | long, thin Malphigian tubules attached to the digestive tract. |
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| 6 | |
The excretory system of arthropods consists of |
| | A) | pairs of nephridia. |
| | B) | flame cells located along two strands of branching tubules. |
| | C) | long, thin Malphigian tubules attached to the digestive tract. |
| | D) | a network of tubes and a pair of kidneys. |
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| 7 | |
The excretory structures of an earthworm are |
| | A) | a network of tubes and a pair of kidneys. |
| | B) | flame cells located along two strands of branching tubules. |
| | C) | long, thin Malphigian tubules attached the digestive tract. |
| | D) | pairs of nephridia. |
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| 8 | |
Which list correctly traces the path of urine through the human body? |
| | A) | kidneys → ureter → urinary bladder → urethra |
| | B) | renal artery → kidneys → urinary bladder → urethra |
| | C) | kidneys → urethra → urinary bladder → ureter |
| | D) | renal vein → kidneys → urinary bladder → ureter |
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| 9 | |
The outer layer of the kidney, the __________, is the primary location of some nephrons. Other nephrons dip down into the next layer, the __________, which consists of several renal pyramids. The third layer of the kidney, called the __________, is the site at which urine is collected before it is carried to the bladder. |
| | A) | renal pelvis; renal medulla; renal cortex |
| | B) | renal cortex; renal pelvis; renal medulla |
| | C) | renal pelvis; renal cortex; renal medulla |
| | D) | renal cortex; renal medulla; renal pelvis |
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| 10 | |
Which portion of the nephron transports urine through the renal medulla to the renal pelvis? |
| | A) | the proximal convoluted tubule |
| | B) | the collecting ducts |
| | C) | the distal convoluted tubule |
| | D) | the loop of the nephron |
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| 11 | |
Which lists the correct order of the steps of urine formation? |
| | A) | glomerular filtration → tubular secretion → tubular reabsorption |
| | B) | tubular secretion → glomerular filtration → tubular reabsorption |
| | C) | glomerular filtration → tubular reabsorption → tubular secretion |
| | D) | tubular secretion → tubular reabsorption → glomerular filtration |
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| 12 | |
The glomerular filtrate consists of which of the following molecules, which move out of the blood and into the glomerular capsule? |
| | A) | nutrient and salt molecules |
| | B) | plasma proteins and blood cells |
| | C) | water, salts, nutrient molecules, and waste molecules |
| | D) | hydrogen ions, penicillin, uric acid, ammonia, histamine, and creatinine |
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| 13 | |
Tubular reabsorption involves the __________ movement of nutrient and salt molecules from the __________ back into the blood at the peritubular capillary network. As a result, water moves __________ back into the blood as well, preventing the body from losing all water though urination. |
| | A) | active; convoluted tubules; passively |
| | B) | passive; convoluted tubules; actively |
| | C) | active; glomerulus; passively |
| | D) | passive; glomerulus; actively |
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| 14 | |
Tubular secretion removes substances like __________ from the blood. |
| | A) | nutrient and salt molecules |
| | B) | nutrient and salt molecules |
| | C) | water, salts, nutrient molecules, and waste molecules |
| | D) | hydrogen ions, penicillin, uric acid, ammonia, histamine, and creatinine |
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| 15 | |
A high concentration of __________ in the urine is an indication of diabetes, which, left untreated, continually results in the reabsorption of less water into the blood. This can result in __________. |
| | A) | protein; fatigue and dizziness |
| | B) | glucose; increased thirst and urination |
| | C) | glucose; fatigue and dizziness |
| | D) | protein; increased thirst and urination |
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| 16 | |
Reabsorption is a __________ process because only molecules recognized by carrier molecules are actively reabsorbed. |
| | A) | indiscriminate |
| | B) | selective |
| | C) | passive |
| | D) | direct |
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| 17 | |
Salt is reabsorbed from the glomerulus back into the blood; the majority is returned to the blood at the __________, while the rest is returned at the __________. |
| | A) | distal convoluted tubule; the descending limb of the nephron |
| | B) | distal convoluted tubule; the ascending limb of the nephron |
| | C) | proximal convoluted tubule; the descending limb of the nephron |
| | D) | proximal convoluted tubule; the ascending limb of the nephron |
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| 18 | |
True or False: The lungs are capable of removing all waste substances from the body, but the kidneys supplement the lungs to make the process faster. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 19 | |
Failure of the kidneys to function |
| | A) | usually results in the body’s cells and tissues storing their own metabolic wastes. |
| | B) | generally does not persist, as the nephrons can regenerate quickly. |
| | C) | results in other organs taking on the excretory functions normally performed by the kidneys. |
| | D) | can be a life-threatening event. |
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| 20 | |
The accumulation of waste substances in the blood is called |
| | A) | pyelonephritis. |
| | B) | uremia. |
| | C) | cystitis. |
| | D) | hemodialysis. |
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