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| 1 | |
The study of the interactions of organisms with each other and with the physical environment is |
| | A) | anthropology. |
| | B) | ecosystem biology. |
| | C) | ecology. |
| | D) | environmentalism. |
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| 2 | |
All of the organisms within an area belonging to the same species is a(n) |
| | A) | community. |
| | B) | biosphere. |
| | C) | ecosystem. |
| | D) | population. |
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| 3 | |
An ecosystem includes |
| | A) | humans and the animals we study. |
| | B) | all of the animal and plant life on earth. |
| | C) | a mathematical model of all plant and animal life. |
| | D) | both living and nonliving components. |
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| 4 | |
Population density is defined as __________; patterns of population distribution are described as clumped, random, and uniform. |
| | A) | the range that a group covers |
| | B) | the number of individuals per unit area |
| | C) | the maximum population when considering limiting factors |
| | D) | the maximum population despite limiting factors |
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| 5 | |
Whether the biotic potential of a population is high or low depends upon |
| | A) | how often each individual reproduces and the usual number of offspring per reproduction. |
| | B) | the age at which reproduction begins. |
| | C) | whether the biotic potential is high or low depends upon how often each individual reproduces, the age at which reproduction begins, the average number of offspring per reproduction, and the chances of survival until age of reproduction. |
| | D) | the chances of survival until the age of reproduction. |
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| 6 | |
A group of individuals born at the same time is called a |
| | A) | community. |
| | B) | limiting factor. |
| | C) | survivorship. |
| | D) | cohort. |
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| 7 | |
A __________ survivorship curve reflects a population in which most individuals survive well past the midpoint and death does not come until near the end of the lifespan. |
| | A) | type I |
| | B) | type II |
| | C) | type III |
| | D) | general (I, II, or II) |
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| 8 | |
Logistic population growth results in a(n) __________-shaped growth curve. |
| | A) | bell |
| | B) | J |
| | C) | S |
| | D) | U |
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| 9 | |
Exponential population growth is reflected by a(n) __________-shaped growth curve. |
| | A) | bell |
| | B) | J |
| | C) | S |
| | D) | U |
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| 10 | |
When a pest arrives in a new field, the population is small and initial population growth is slow in the |
| | A) | exponential growth phase. |
| | B) | deceleration phase. |
| | C) | lag phase. |
| | D) | stable equilibrium phase. |
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| 11 | |
A population accelerates in growth until environmental resistance causes it to level off in the |
| | A) | lag phase. |
| | B) | exponential growth phase. |
| | C) | stable equilibrium phase. |
| | D) | deceleration phase. |
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| 12 | |
The ___________ is the total population that the environment can normally support for an indefinite period. |
| | A) | carrying capacity |
| | B) | biotic potential |
| | C) | inflection point |
| | D) | abiotic potential |
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| 13 | |
The main difference between density-dependent and density-independent factors is |
| | A) | whether the organisms are plants or animals. |
| | B) | a difference in weather versus natural disasters. |
| | C) | natural/random versus human causes. |
| | D) | whether the factor changes when the population or organisms increases or decreases. |
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| 14 | |
True or False: Forest fire is an example of a density-dependent factor. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 15 | |
An __________ population tends to remain close to, or at, the carrying capacity; this population exhibits __________ population growth. An __________ population tends to live in a fluctuating environment and remains small until favorable conditions support _________ population growth. |
| | A) | equilibrium; exponential; opportunistic; logistic |
| | B) | opportunistic; logistic; equilibrium; exponential |
| | C) | equilibrium; logistic; opportunistic; exponential |
| | D) | opportunistic; exponential; equilibrium; logistic |
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| 16 | |
The size of _________ populations tends to be regulated by density-dependent factors, while density-independent factors have a dramatic influence on __________ populations. The life histories of these different populations also influence the likelihood of __________. |
| | A) | equilibrium; opportunistic; competition |
| | B) | opportunistic; equilibrium; predation |
| | C) | opportunistic; equilibrium; natural disaster |
| | D) | equilibrium; opportunistic; extinction |
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| 17 | |
If the present rate of world growth continues, the world population will double in __________ years. |
| | A) | 51 |
| | B) | 10 |
| | C) | 85 |
| | D) | 150 |
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| 18 | |
More-developed countries (MDCs) |
| | A) | have rapidly expanding populations to produce and consume products. |
| | B) | have low population growth and enjoy a good standard of living. |
| | C) | are very poor and are working to expand production of goods and people. |
| | D) | have low populations and low consumption levels. |
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| 19 | |
Most less-developed countries (LDCs) have a |
| | A) | stabilized profile. |
| | B) | youthful profile. |
| | C) | narrowed profile. |
| | D) | S-curve. |
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| 20 | |
When a country modernizes and sees a decrease in death rate followed by a decrease in birth rate, this is called |
| | A) | r-selection. |
| | B) | unlimited economic growth. |
| | C) | demographic transition. |
| | D) | zero population effect. |
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