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| 1 | |
Behavior is |
| | A) | a form of learning that allows baby birds to follow the first moving object they see. |
| | B) | any action that can be learned. |
| | C) | any action that has a genetic basis. |
| | D) | any action that can be observed and described. |
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| 2 | |
An animal’s anatomy and physiology, which are determined by its __________, determine the types of behavior possible for that animal. |
| | A) | genes |
| | B) | instincts |
| | C) | habits |
| | D) | experiences |
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| 3 | |
Experiments with Fischer’s lovebird or the coastal garter snake indicate that carrying nesting material or having a taste for slugs is |
| | A) | not clearly the result of genes or experience. |
| | B) | random. |
| | C) | learned. |
| | D) | inherited. |
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| 4 | |
True or False: The nervous system alone is involved in behavior. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 5 | |
Learning is defined as |
| | A) | a durable change in behavior brought about by experience. |
| | B) | a temporary change in behavior caused by instinct. |
| | C) | behavior that is inherited. |
| | D) | any action that can be observed and described. |
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| 6 | |
Some behaviors previously believed to be __________ are now known to develop (and improve) with practice, making them __________ behaviors. |
| | A) | instincts; imprinted |
| | B) | fixed action patterns; imprinted |
| | C) | fixed action patterns; learned |
| | D) | instincts; learned |
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| 7 | |
The pecking accuracy of newborn laughing gull chicks __________, which provides evidence that __________. |
| | A) | increases with practice; this behavior is at least partly learned |
| | B) | remains the same; this behavior is genetic |
| | C) | shows no pattern of improvement or decline; learning is probably not involved in behavior |
| | D) | is totally random; not all behavior can be tied to learning or genetics |
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| 8 | |
In __________, the presentation of two different types of stimuli at the same time causes an animal to form an association between them; this is exemplified with Pavlov’s dog. |
| | A) | habituation |
| | B) | insight learning |
| | C) | operant conditioning |
| | D) | classical conditioning |
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| 9 | |
When an animal suddenly solves a problem without any prior experience with the problem, __________ is said to have occurred. |
| | A) | habituation |
| | B) | insight learning |
| | C) | operant conditioning |
| | D) | classical conditioning |
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| 10 | |
A reward can aid in learning; a stimulus-response connection is strengthened, as when a dog is given a treat as part of training, during |
| | A) | habituation. |
| | B) | insight learning. |
| | C) | operant conditioning. |
| | D) | classical conditioning. |
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| 11 | |
Deer grazing calmly on grass along busy highways, where they might have previously been skittish, is an example of |
| | A) | imitation. |
| | B) | classical conditioning. |
| | C) | insight learning. |
| | D) | habituation. |
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| 12 | |
Which part of Pavlov’s experiment was an unconditioned response? |
| | A) | the dog salivating in response to food |
| | B) | the dog salivating in response to the bell |
| | C) | the food |
| | D) | the dog |
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| 13 | |
When a red deer stag or male songbird defends a specific area, he is demonstrating |
| | A) | imprinting level. |
| | B) | territoriality. |
| | C) | a fixed action pattern. |
| | D) | dominance hierarchy. |
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| 14 | |
When gathering food, or __________, it is adaptive to gather food in a manner that results in the best net gain of energy; for example, it is energetically efficient for shore crabs to eat __________ mussels because of the energy required to open a mussel. |
| | A) | foraging; only the smallest |
| | B) | hunting; only the largest |
| | C) | foraging; medium-sized |
| | D) | hunting; any size |
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| 15 | |
Evolution by __________ can occur when females have the opportunity to select among potential mates or when males compete among themselves for access to reproductive females. |
| | A) | altruism |
| | B) | dominance hierarchy |
| | C) | sociality |
| | D) | sexual selection |
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| 16 | |
It is adaptive for females to be choosy about their mates because |
| | A) | they only produce a limited number of eggs in their lifetime. |
| | B) | generally, they will provide the majority of parental care. |
| | C) | they need to have as many offspring as possible. |
| | D) | of limited reproductive ability throughout their lifetime and their level of parental care. |
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| 17 | |
Male baboons establish higher or lower rankings among themselves through confrontations; this determines their |
| | A) | dominance hierarchy. |
| | B) | imprinting level. |
| | C) | territory. |
| | D) | fixed action patterns. |
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| 18 | |
Living in a society can be beneficial because it can |
| | A) | provide assistance in raising offspring. |
| | B) | make finding food easier. |
| | C) | provide protection against predation. |
| | D) | provide assistance in raising offspring, make finding food easier, and provide protection against predation. |
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| 19 | |
The ability of an individual’s relatives to survive and reproduce is known as _________. |
| | A) | kin selection |
| | B) | inclusive fitness |
| | C) | direct selection |
| | D) | altruism |
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| 20 | |
Which form(s) of communication can be utilized during the day or night? |
| | A) | chemical |
| | B) | visual and tactile |
| | C) | chemical and auditory |
| | D) | auditory |
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