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| 1 | |
What is it called when organisms vie for the same resources, such as food, living space, or mates? |
| | A) | speciation |
| | B) | succession |
| | C) | mutualism |
| | D) | competition |
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| 2 | |
The competitive exclusion principle states that |
| | A) | two species in the same niche will eventually destroy the niche and become extinct. |
| | B) | no two species can occupy the same niche at the same time. |
| | C) | two species in the same niche will eventually evolve to share the same resources. |
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| 3 | |
Localized extinction of a species can result from competition for resources. Which phenomenon can prevent this? |
| | A) | speciation |
| | B) | commensalism |
| | C) | predation |
| | D) | resource partitioning |
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| 4 | |
Predator-prey population dynamics are well explained by records of fur pelts that show lynx populations and snowshoe hare populations |
| | A) | remain constant; there are always more lynx than hare. |
| | B) | fluctuate; there are slightly lower lynx populations with trends that closely follow hare population trends. |
| | C) | remain constant; there are always more hare than lynx. |
| | D) | fluctuate; there are more hare when there are fewer lynx, and fewer hare when there are more lynx. |
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| 5 | |
Mimicry is a specific type of ___________ in which one species resembles another species that has an antipredator defense. |
| | A) | warning coloration |
| | B) | camouflage |
| | C) | prey defense |
| | D) | predator-prey dynamic |
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| 6 | |
A harmless syrphid fly resembles the coloration of a stinging wasp; predators stung by wasps avoid preying upon the syrphid fly. This is an example of __________ mimicry. |
| | A) | Mullerian |
| | B) | camouflage |
| | C) | Darwinian |
| | D) | Batesian |
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| 7 | |
A close association between two species in which at least one species is dependent on the other is |
| | A) | predation. |
| | B) | parasitism. |
| | C) | mimicry. |
| | D) | symbiosis. |
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| 8 | |
An association between species in which both members of the association benefit is called |
| | A) | predation. |
| | B) | parasitism. |
| | C) | commensalism. |
| | D) | mutualism. |
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| 9 | |
Parasitism is considered a form of __________ because a parasite is an organism that obtains nutrients from another organism. |
| | A) | competition |
| | B) | predation |
| | C) | cooperation |
| | D) | character displacement |
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| 10 | |
Ecological succession is a series of __________ replacements in a(n) __________ following a disturbance. |
| | A) | resource; ecosystem |
| | B) | predator; niche |
| | C) | species; community |
| | D) | community; biome |
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| 11 | |
What is the main difference between primary and secondary succession? |
| | A) | there is no real difference, one just happens after the other |
| | B) | whether the community is mostly plants or mostly animals |
| | C) | whether the disturbance is a natural disaster or is caused by human influences |
| | D) | the starting point, specifically the presence or absence of soil |
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| 12 | |
Which model for succession supports that the observation that colonizing plant species maintain their own space, thereby preventing the growth of new species, during ecological succession? |
| | A) | the inhibition model |
| | B) | the climax-pattern model |
| | C) | the facilitation model |
| | D) | the tolerance model |
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| 13 | |
Photosynthetic organisms are __________; herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, and even scavengers, are __________. |
| | A) | heterotrophs and producers; autotrophs and consumers |
| | B) | unable to make their own food; self-sufficient because they produce their own food |
| | C) | organisms that require inorganic nutrients and no outside energy; usually decomposers |
| | D) | autotrophs and producers; heterotrophs and consumers |
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| 14 | |
Every ecosystem is characterized by which of the following fundamental phenomena? |
| | A) | matter and energy |
| | B) | energy flow and chemical cycling |
| | C) | water and soil |
| | D) | the balance of energy loss and energy production |
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| 15 | |
All organisms that feed at the same position in a food chain or web comprise a |
| | A) | niche. |
| | B) | community. |
| | C) | species. |
| | D) | trophic level. |
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| 16 | |
There are __________ within __________. |
| | A) | mostly carnivores; ecological pyramids |
| | B) | only single trophic levels; food chains |
| | C) | food webs; food chains |
| | D) | food chains; food webs |
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| 17 | |
An ecological pyramid represents the relative energy content and biomass at various trophic levels of an ecosystem. As a pyramid progresses from autotrophs to top carnivores, each level has |
| | A) | less biomass and energy. |
| | B) | more biomass and energy. |
| | C) | less biomass, but more energy. |
| | D) | more biomass, but less energy. |
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| 18 | |
The carbon that is present in calcium carbonate shells on ocean bottoms is |
| | A) | useless because of its location. |
| | B) | the biotic portion of a biogeochemical cycle. |
| | C) | readily available to organisms; this is called an exchange pool. |
| | D) | not typically available to organisms; this is called a reservoir. |
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| 19 | |
Biogeochemical cycles may be sedimentary, such as ___________, or gaseous, like __________. |
| | A) | the carbon and nitrogen cycles; the phosphorus cycle |
| | B) | the phosphorus cycle; the carbon and nitrogen cycles |
| | C) | the nitrogen cycle; the phosphorus and carbon cycles |
| | D) | the carbon cycle; the nitrogen and phosphorus cycles |
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| 20 | |
What serves as the exchange pool for the carbon cycle? |
| | A) | bicarbonate ions in water |
| | B) | calcium carbonate shells at the bottom of the ocean |
| | C) | carbon dioxide in the atmosphere |
| | D) | plants |
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