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| 1 | |
Why is cellular reproduction an important process? |
| | A) | Cellular reproduction allows organisms to grow and develop. |
| | B) | Cellular reproduction allows for the repair of worn-out and damaged tissues. |
| | C) | Cellular reproduction allows for the creation of new organisms. |
| | D) | All of these are reasons that cellular reproduction is important. |
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| 2 | |
Beginning just after a cell divides, what are the stages of the cell cycle, in order? |
| | A) | G1, S, G2, M |
| | B) | G1, G2, S, M |
| | C) | M, G1, S, G2 |
| | D) | S, G1, G2, M |
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| 3 | |
The G1 stage of the cell cycle is used to recover from the previous division. If a cell commits to divide again, then this stage is also used for __________. |
| | A) | cell growth |
| | B) | doubling organelles |
| | C) | accumulating material for DNA synthesis |
| | D) | All of these things happen during the G1 stage. |
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| 4 | |
What is the purpose of the S stage? |
| | A) | dividing up organelles |
| | B) | DNA replication |
| | C) | division of the cytoplasm |
| | D) | nuclear division |
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| 5 | |
What happens in the cell during the G2 stage of interphase? |
| | A) | The cell continues to grow. |
| | B) | The cell continues to replicate its organelles. |
| | C) | The cell makes proteins for cell division. |
| | D) | The cell does all of these things during the G2 stage of interphase. |
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| 6 | |
M phase of the cell cycle includes |
| | A) | mitosis and cytokinesis. |
| | B) | only the stages of mitosis. |
| | C) | G1, S, G2 and mitosis. |
| | D) | interphase and cytokinesis. |
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| 7 | |
When the cell replicates its DNA, each chromosome is duplicated and composed of two identical parts called __________. When the parent cell divides, each __________ receives one copy of each chromosome, resulting in two genetically identical cells. |
| | A) | sister chromatids; daughter cell |
| | B) | daughter cells; sister chromatid |
| | C) | daughter chromosomes; sister cell |
| | D) | haploid cells; diploid cell |
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| 8 | |
At either pole of a dividing cell, a daughter centrosome produces __________, which serves to assist with the separation of the sister chromatids to produce daughter chromosomes. |
| | A) | centrioles |
| | B) | nuclear envelope fragments |
| | C) | a kinetochore |
| | D) | the spindle fibers of a spindle apparatus |
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| 9 | |
A cell in prophase is evident because of the presence of a fragmenting or missing __________, visible chromosomes, and duplicated __________, which begin to move apart. |
| | A) | cell membrane; spindle fibers |
| | B) | nuclear envelope; centrosomes |
| | C) | cell membrane; centrosomes |
| | D) | nuclear envelope; spindle fibers |
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| 10 | |
During metaphase, the chromosomes are visibly __________; by this time the centrosomes are found at each pole of the cell. |
| | A) | moving towards the poles |
| | B) | lined up at the equator |
| | C) | in their own separate nuclei |
| | D) | separated |
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| 11 | |
A dividing cell in anaphase of mitosis |
| | A) | contains chromatin condensing into chromosomes. |
| | B) | shows signs of the reformation of the nucleolus. |
| | C) | begins to reassemble a nuclear envelope for each new cell. |
| | D) | no longer contains sister chromatids. |
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| 12 | |
Which structures can be seen reforming during telophase of mitosis? |
| | A) | nuclear envelopes and nucleoli |
| | B) | nuclear envelopes |
| | C) | nucleoli |
| | D) | centrosomes |
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| 13 | |
If you observe a cell under a microscope during cytokinesis and see a cleavage furrow, what kind of cell are you looking at? |
| | A) | More than one of these answers is correct. |
| | B) | a plant cell |
| | C) | It is impossible to determine what kind of cell this is from this information. |
| | D) | an animal cell |
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| 14 | |
Why is there a difference in cytokinesis between animal and plant cells? |
| | A) | because animal and plant cells undergo different forms of cellular reproduction |
| | B) | because in plants, splitting the cytoplasm involves rebuilding membranes and cell walls between daughter cells |
| | C) | because plant cells have less cytoplasm than plant cells |
| | D) | because animal cells have less cytoplasm than plant cells |
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| 15 | |
The cell cycle is regulated via a series of checkpoints. Once a cell passes the __________ checkpoint, it is committed to divide. If a cell does not pass this checkpoint, it can either enter G0, as in adult stem cells; if __________, the cell will cycle will stop, potentially leading to programmed cell death. |
| | A) | G1; the DNA has not replicated |
| | B) | G2; the DNA has not replicated |
| | C) | G1; the DNA is damaged |
| | D) | M; the DNA is damaged |
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| 16 | |
The purpose of the G2 checkpoint is to ensure that |
| | A) | the chromosomes are going to be distributed accurately to the daughter cells. |
| | B) | DNA has replicated. |
| | C) | DNA is not damaged. |
| | D) | DNA has replicated and is not damaged. |
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| 17 | |
The M checkpoint takes place __________ and checks __________; until the chromosomes are properly aligned, the cycle does not continue. |
| | A) | during mitosis; spindle formation |
| | B) | just after DNA replication; spindle formation |
| | C) | during mitosis; for damage from exposure to X-rays or solar radiation |
| | D) | just after DNA replication; for damage from exposure to X-rays or solar radiation |
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| 18 | |
Apoptosis is a __________ process that maintains an appropriate number of cells, getting rid of specific cells __________ and ridding the body of cells that would divide to distribute damaged DNA. |
| | A) | random; if they are cancerous |
| | B) | regulatory; if they are cancerous |
| | C) | random; during development |
| | D) | regulatory; during development |
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| 19 | |
Why do cancer cells form tumors? |
| | A) | Because cancer cells respond to signals from their surrounding cells about when to grow and when to stop growing, they form tumors. |
| | B) | Because cancer cells do not respond to inhibitory signals, they continue to divide and grow in multiple layers. |
| | C) | Cancer cells form tumors because they exhibit contact inhibition. |
| | D) | Cancer cells form tumors because they do not a have blood supply. |
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| 20 | |
Cancer cells are like other cells in that they go through a cell cycle, including cellular reproduction, to grow and multiply. What is different about cancer cells is that for cancer cells to grow, |
| | A) | the checkpoints must recognize the cancer cells so that they can undergo apoptosis. |
| | B) | the stages of the cell cycle must take place in a different order. |
| | C) | the cell cycle is out of control and the checkpoints do not work. |
| | D) | the cell cycle must be repeated at least 70 times. |
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