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Multiple Choice Quiz
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1
The term "risky shift" was used to refer to the finding of
A)groups being riskier than individuals.
B)individuals being riskier than groups.
C)males being riskier than females.
D)people becoming less risky as they grow older.
2
Studies of the risky shift eventually led to formulation of
A)social comparison theory.
B)the group polarization hypothesis.
C)the social-facilitation effect.
D)the social-loafing hypothesis.
3
Group polarization is most likely to occur in a group
A)of like-minded people.
B)of unintelligent people.
C)of persons with differing value systems.
D)discussing political issues.
4
Myers and Bishop set up groups of relatively prejudiced and unprejudiced high school students and asked them to respond both before and after discussion to issues involving racial attitudes. Results indicated that after discussion
A)both groups were more prejudiced.
B)both groups were less prejudiced.
C)the individuals who were relatively unprejudiced became even less prejudiced and the individuals who were relatively prejudiced became even more prejudiced.
D)the individuals who were relatively unprejudiced became more prejudiced and the individuals who were relatively prejudiced became less prejudiced.
5
According to the text, which of the following provides the best supported explanation for group polarization?
A)social comparison theory
B)informational influence
C)diffusion of responsibility
D)cognitive dissonance theory
6
According to Janis, which of the following was the product of groupthink?
A)the Truman administration's formulation of the Marshall Plan after World War II
B)the Truman administration's decision to drop the atomic bomb on Hiroshima
C)the Johnson administration's decision to escalate the Vietnam War
D)the Nixon administration's decision to freeze prices
7
An analysis of terrorist organizations around the world suggests that the extremist activities of these groups may be understood in terms of the process of
A)social loafing.
B)social facilitation.
C)minority influence.
D)group polarization.
8
A directive leader is a contributing cause of
A)deindividuation.
B)group polarization.
C)groupthink.
D)the risky shift.
9
Which of the following is not a symptom of groupthink?
A)unquestioned belief in the group's morality
B)rationalization
C)conformity pressure
D)social loafing
10
Groupthink occurs when group members desire
A)control.
B)harmony.
C)power.
D)freedom.
11
Individuals who tend to favor stiff penalties for drunk drivers come together to discuss various ways of dealing with the problem of intoxicated drivers. The group polarization hypothesis predicts that after group discussion,
A)the individuals will favor even more severe penalties for drunk drivers.
B)the individuals will tend to become more tolerant of drunk drivers.
C)the individuals will be divided into two opposing groups as to the best way to deal with drunk drivers.
D)the individuals will favor a rehabilitation program rather than a jail sentence for drunk drivers.
12
Which of the following is a comment you are least likely to hear made within a group characterized by groupthink?
A)"Our critics are not very smart."
B)"Our past decisions have always been right."
C)"Let's make the decision and get out of here. I've got more important things to do."
D)"It seems to me we are all in agreement on this, so let's proceed."
13
Evaluating one's opinions and abilities by comparing oneself to others is referred to as
A)informational influence.
B)social comparison.
C)evaluative anxiety.
D)normative influence.
14
Group polarization effects have been found among
A)college students.
B)delinquent gang members.
C)peace activists on the Internet.
D)all of these.
15
Group polarization refers to
A)a division within a group caused by two divergent points of view.
B)a desire for cohesiveness that leads a group to a very poor decision.
C)group-produced enhancement of members' preexisting tendencies.
D)a loss of self-awareness and self-control in group situations that foster anonymity.





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