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| 1 | |
Which of the following terms best describes the relationship between persons and situations? |
| | A) | indeterminate |
| | B) | interactive |
| | C) | competing |
| | D) | biocultural |
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| 2 | |
Which of the following is true of the relationship between persons and situations? |
| | A) | A given situation affects different people differently. |
| | B) | People choose many of their situations. |
| | C) | People help create the situations that affect them. |
| | D) | All of these are true. |
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| 3 | |
Psychological reactance theory provides an explanation for |
| | A) | resistance to authority. |
| | B) | obedience to authority. |
| | C) | the effectiveness of task leadership. |
| | D) | the persuasiveness of minorities. |
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| 4 | |
Leaders who are effective in building teamwork, mediating conflicts, and offering support are referred to as _____________ leaders. |
| | A) | task |
| | B) | domineering |
| | C) | social |
| | D) | authoritarian |
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| 5 | |
The motive to protect or restore one's sense of freedom is referred to as |
| | A) | self-assertion. |
| | B) | reactance. |
| | C) | self-actualization. |
| | D) | cybernetics. |
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| 6 | |
People tend to be most self-conscious about |
| | A) | ways that they are different from others. |
| | B) | ways that they are the same as others. |
| | C) | factors that help them different other people from one another. |
| | D) | the degree of task leadership they assert. |
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| 7 | |
Studies of people's spontaneous self-concepts indicate that |
| | A) | they see themselves as better than average. |
| | B) | they react to blatant social pressure. |
| | C) | females define themselves in terms of their similarities while males define themselves in terms of their differences. |
| | D) | people value their uniqueness. |
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| 8 | |
Moscovici and his associates found that if a minority of a group judges blue slides to be green, |
| | A) | it has no effect on the judgments of the majority. |
| | B) | they react to blatant social pressure. |
| | C) | females define themselves in terms of their similarities while males define themselves in terms of their differences. |
| | D) | people value their uniqueness. |
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| 9 | |
Research indicates that someone who holds a minority opinion is most persuasive to the majority when he or she |
| | A) | wavers about the opinion. |
| | B) | has defected from the majority. |
| | C) | tends to be introverted. |
| | D) | appears impatient. |
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| 10 | |
Studies in India, Taiwan, and Iran found that the most effective supervisors in coal mines, banks, and government offices scored ________ on task leadership and ________ on social leadership. |
| | A) | high; high |
| | B) | high; low |
| | C) | low; high |
| | D) | low; low |
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| 11 | |
Tom, a successful foreman in a large furniture factory, emphasizes the attainment of production goals and sets high standards for the workers under him. Tom's style is an example of ____________ leadership. |
| | A) | normative |
| | B) | task |
| | C) | autocratic |
| | D) | Type A |
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| 12 | |
Milly generally likes to go home to visit her family during vacation. However, after her father tells her she must be home during spring vacation, Milly decides to remain at college. We can probably best understand Milly's behavior in terms of |
| | A) | reaction formation. |
| | B) | regression. |
| | C) | psychological reactance. |
| | D) | self-serving bias. |
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| 13 | |
John has red hair, has two brothers, one sister, and was born in Chicago. Both his parents were born in this country and are lawyers. If you ask John to "tell us about yourself," he is most likely to mention that |
| | A) | he has two brothers. |
| | B) | he has red hair. |
| | C) | his father has a college education. |
| | D) | he was born in this country. |
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| 14 | |
Researchers who found that 25 percent of legal-age students, but only 19 percent of underage students abstained from alcohol, explained this difference in terms of |
| | A) | minority influence. |
| | B) | task leadership. |
| | C) | pursuit of uniqueness. |
| | D) | reactance. |
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| 15 | |
One experimenter reported that when people heard others express attitudes identical to their own they |
| | A) | showed a significant increase in self-esteem. |
| | B) | suspected the experiment had been rigged. |
| | C) | altered their own positions to maintain their sense of uniqueness. |
| | D) | demonstrated stronger task leadership in a group activity. |
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