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| 1 | |
The tragedy of the commons illustrates how |
| | A) | individual irrationality results in group rationality. |
| | B) | the pursuit of short-term individual gain leads to long-term collective costs. |
| | C) | a non-zero-sum game can degenerate into a zero-sum game. |
| | D) | superordinate goals may fail to produce cooperation in capitalistic societies. |
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| 2 | |
In non-zero-sum games, |
| | A) | one player always wins and the other always loses. |
| | B) | one player's winnings equal the other player's losses. |
| | C) | both players may win, both may lose, or one may win and the other may lose. |
| | D) | the players' combined outcomes can never equal zero. |
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| 3 | |
The __________________ the commons, the _____________________ responsibility each person feels for it. |
| | A) | smaller; more |
| | B) | larger; more |
| | C) | more important; more |
| | D) | more important; less |
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| 4 | |
Research on laboratory dilemmas reveals that cooperation is facilitated when |
| | A) | one person is always cooperative. |
| | B) | the opponents can communicate with one another. |
| | C) | the game is changed into a zero-sum game. |
| | D) | All of the above are effective in facilitating mutual cooperation. |
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| 5 | |
Appeals to altruistic norms have been slow to |
| | A) | be helpful in reducing social dilemmas. |
| | B) | work in resolving small-scale, but not large-scale, dilemmas. |
| | C) | create reactance and make people more competitive |
| | D) | provoke a sense of injustice on the part of highly altruistic individuals. |
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| 6 | |
Sherif's experiments in a boys' summer camp demonstrated how |
| | A) | appeals to altruistic norms create reactance and thus more conflict. |
| | B) | conflict can be reduced through regulation. |
| | C) | conflict can be reduced by dividing a commons into smaller territories. |
| | D) | competition can produce conflict. |
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| 7 | |
When one person's outcomes are equal to another person's outcomes, the relationship is |
| | A) | just. |
| | B) | equitable. |
| | C) | both just and equitable. |
| | D) | not necessarily either just or equitable. |
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| 8 | |
Many conflicts contain a small core of truly incompatible ___________________________ surrounded by a larger exterior of ___________________________. |
| | A) | individuals; cooperative motives |
| | B) | actions; incompatible values |
| | C) | goals; misperceptions |
| | D) | perceptions; incompatible actions |
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| 9 | |
In playing Prisoner's Dilemma, a person's outcome from ANY given decision will be better if he or she |
| | A) | cooperates. |
| | B) | does not cooperate. |
| | C) | cooperates only if the other person cooperates. |
| | D) | cooperates only if the other person does not cooperate. |
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| 10 | |
Two gas station owners in Roseville both cut their gas prices, each hoping to capture a portion of the other station's business. However, neither gained any of the other's customers and, in the long run, both operated at a loss. This outcome best illustrates the dynamics of |
| | A) | a social dilemma. |
| | B) | the GRIT strategy. |
| | C) | an inequitable relationship. |
| | D) | mirror-image perceptions. |
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| 11 | |
Rodney and Ralph are twin brothers who each contributed $75 to purchase a new bicycle. Rodney rides it 75 percent of the time. This would be an example of |
| | A) | an inequitable relationship. |
| | B) | the tragedy of the commons. |
| | C) | a zero-sum relationship. |
| | D) | mirror-image perceptions. |
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| 12 | |
John believes he is hard-working, but his wife, Rachel, is lazy. Rachel believes she is hard-working but John is lazy. This is an example of |
| | A) | an inequitable relationship. |
| | B) | mirror-image perceptions. |
| | C) | a superordinate conflict. |
| | D) | a social trap. |
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| 13 | |
What does the text refer to as the "golden rule" of social justice? |
| | A) | Equity for strangers, equality for friends. |
| | B) | An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth. |
| | C) | Do unto others as they do unto you. |
| | D) | Whoever has the gold, makes the rules. |
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| 14 | |
All of the following are cited in your textbook as misperceptions that can cause conflict except |
| | A) | the self-serving bias. |
| | B) | the fundamental attribution error. |
| | C) | the naturalistic fallacy. |
| | D) | groupthink. |
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| 15 | |
In the tragedy of the commons, the "commons" refers to |
| | A) | disputed border territory. |
| | B) | stolen goods or winnings. |
| | C) | any shared and limited resource. |
| | D) | any individual's private property. |
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| 16 | |
When they were fighting with each other about how to divide up the space in their dorm room, Wanda thought Sondra was a "selfish shrew." Now that they have resolved the space conflict, and getting along again, Wanda is more likely to think Sondra is |
| | A) | a shelfish shrew. |
| | B) | a cheerful friend. |
| | C) | a miserly ratfink. |
| | D) | a grasping gopher. |
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