 |
| 1 | |
Based on recent social-psychological research, which of the following statements is true? |
| | A) | Our attitudes and our behavior are unrelated. |
| | B) | Our attitudes determine our behavior but our behavior does not determine our attitudes. |
| | C) | Our behavior determines our attitudes, but our attitudes do not determine our behavior. |
| | D) | Under certain circumstances, attitudes do predict behavior. |
|
|
|
| 2 | |
According to the textbook, our attitudes will predict our behavior if |
| | A) | other influences are minimized. |
| | B) | the attitude is specific to the action. |
| | C) | as we act, we are conscious of our attitudes. |
| | D) | All of these make it more likely that attitudes will influence behavior. |
|
|
|
| 3 | |
A set of expectations defining how those in a social position ought to behave constitutes a(n) |
| | A) | attitude. |
| | B) | role. |
| | C) | status. |
| | D) | attribution. |
|
|
|
| 4 | |
Researchers found that after complying with a request to display a 3-inch "Be a Safe Driver" sign, Californians were |
| | A) | more likely to obey traffic laws. |
| | B) | more likely to break the speed limit. |
| | C) | less likely to comply later with a request to place a large, ugly "Drive Carefully" sign in their front yards. |
| | D) | more likely to comply later with a request to place a large, ugly "Drive Carefully" sign in their front yards. |
|
|
|
| 5 | |
The tendency for oppressors to disparage their victims is given in the text as an example of |
| | A) | how attitudes determine behavior. |
| | B) | how behavior determines attitudes. |
| | C) | the low-balling effect. |
| | D) | the hindsight bias. |
|
|
|
| 6 | |
Which of the following is cited in the textbook as an example of how changing behavior can alter attitudes? |
| | A) | school desegregation |
| | B) | traffic laws |
| | C) | prohibition |
| | D) | capital punishment legislation |
|
|
|
| 7 | |
Which of the following were encyclopedia salespeople trained to do in order to prevent customers from canceling their purchases? |
| | A) | Have the customer fill out the sales agreement, rather than fill it out for them. |
| | B) | Make a second call to the customer three days after the sale. |
| | C) | Attempt to sell a second, more expensive item to the customer. |
| | D) | Recruit the customer to be an encyclopedia salesperson. |
|
|
|
| 8 | |
The theory that states we change or adopt certain attitudes in order to make them match or justify our past actions is ____________________ theory. |
| | A) | self-perception |
| | B) | self-presentation |
| | C) | cognitive dissonance |
| | D) | psychological reactance |
|
|
|
| 9 | |
Which of the following is NOT given in the textbook as an example of how behavior shapes attitudes? |
| | A) | brainwashing of American POWs |
| | B) | children's resistance to temptation |
| | C) | the German greeting of "Heil Hitler" |
| | D) | the power of positive thinking |
|
|
|
| 10 | |
Frank is the prisoner of people who would like to change his attitudes. They first ask him to sit through a discussion of their beliefs. Later, they ask him to do more and more, including participate in the discussion groups, and copy down the key point made in the discussion. Frank is undergoing |
| | A) | attitude availability heuristics. |
| | B) | brainwashing. |
| | C) | behaviorist training. |
| | D) | low-balling. |
|
|
|
| 11 | |
According to self-perception theory, behavior shapes attitudes |
| | A) | only of self-monitoring people. |
| | B) | when behavior is inconsistent with attitudes. |
| | C) | when attitudes are weak or unclear. |
| | D) | only in the areas of politics and religion. |
|
|
|
| 12 | |
Which of the following describes the results of an experiment in which severe and mild threats were used in an attempt to prevent children from engaging in a prohibited activity? |
| | A) | Only the severe threat was strong enough to deter the children from engaging in the prohibited activity. |
| | B) | Both threats deterred the children, but those given the mild threat showed greater internalization of the rule. |
| | C) | Both threats deterred the children, but those given the severe threat showed greater internalization of the rule. |
| | D) | Neither threat was successful in getting the children to internalize the rule. |
|
|
|
| 13 | |
Which of the following describes the current status of self-perception and cognitive dissonance theories? |
| | A) | Self-perception theory has significantly more support than cognitive dissonance theory. |
| | B) | Cognitive dissonance theory has been proven correct, and self-perception theory is still being tested. |
| | C) | They are contradictory theories; therefore both cannot have validity |
| | D) | Evidence exists to support both theories, suggesting wisdom in both. |
|
|
|
| 14 | |
A car seller offers to sell a customer a used car for $9000, which is a very attractive price. After the customer signs the papers to purchase at that price, the seller seeks final approval from the manager. The seller returns to tell the customer that the manager will not sell the car for any less than $9500. The customer still agrees to buy, and pays $9500. The customer was a victim of |
| | A) | the overjustification effect. |
| | B) | low-balling. |
| | C) | brainwashing. |
| | D) | the door-in-the-face phenomenon. |
|
|
|
| 15 | |
Zimbardo's simulated prison demonstrated |
| | A) | the effects of role playing. |
| | B) | how attitudes influence actions when external influences are minimized. |
| | C) | the power of the low-ball technique. |
| | D) | the difference between cognitive dissonance theory and self-perception theory. |
|
|
|
| 16 | |
Milford has always strongly believed that it is wrong to cheat. But after he himself cheats on a chemistry quiz, his attitude toward cheating becomes significantly less harsh. What best accounts for this attitude shift? |
| | A) | cognitive dissonance theory |
| | B) | self-perception theory |
| | C) | reinforcement theory |
| | D) | role-playing theory |
|
|
|
| 17 | |
"Let me see, do I like Chinese food? I guess I do because I eat at a Chinese restaurant twice a month." The process reflected in this internal dialogue is best understood in terms of |
| | A) | cognitive dissonance theory. |
| | B) | self-perception theory. |
| | C) | reinforcement theory. |
| | D) | equity theory. |
|
|
.