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| 1 | |
By definition, intimate relationships involve all of the following except: |
| | A) | emotional attachment. |
| | B) | sexual involvement. |
| | C) | common interests. |
| | D) | self-disclosure. |
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| 2 | |
Young children's conceptions of friendship are more focused on ____ than the conceptions of friendship of older children and adolescents. |
| | A) | shared values |
| | B) | loyalty |
| | C) | trust |
| | D) | shared activity |
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| 3 | |
Which of the following are related to the development of intimacy during adolescence? |
| | A) | advances in social cognition |
| | B) | lower levels of empathy |
| | C) | lower levels of self-disclosure |
| | D) | decrease in responsiveness to others' needs |
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| 4 | |
According to Sullivan's theory of interpersonal development, different interpersonal needs surface that lead either to: |
| | A) | security or anxiety. |
| | B) | industry or inferiority. |
| | C) | trust or mistrust. |
| | D) | intimacy or isolation. |
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| 5 | |
Which developmental theorist postulated that throughout childhood and adolescence the human being strives to meet various interpersonal needs? |
| | A) | Anna Freud |
| | B) | Harry Stack Sullivan |
| | C) | Erik Erikson |
| | D) | Sigmund Freud |
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| 6 | |
Why (or how) is the quality of an infant's attachment style related to the quality of an individual's romantic relationships in adulthood? |
| | A) | Infant attachment style is likely linked to adult romantic relationship quality because of the effects that early attachment styles have on social development in childhood and adulthood. |
| | B) | Infant attachment style is likely associated with adult romantic relationship quality because of a spurious relationship. |
| | C) | Infant attachment style is likely linked to adult romantic relationship quality because of the fact that an individual's biology determines how he or she will interact with other people. |
| | D) | None of these statements are true. There are no consistently found relations between infant attachment style and romantic relationship quality in adulthood. |
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| 7 | |
When does the need for intimacy with other-sex peers first emerge, in Sullivan's theoretical perspective? |
| | A) | middle childhood |
| | B) | preadolescence |
| | C) | early adolescence |
| | D) | late adolescence |
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| 8 | |
As a result of the emergence of _____, a change in the preferred "target" of the adolescent's need for intimacy takes place. |
| | A) | sexuality |
| | B) | cognitive advances |
| | C) | impulse control |
| | D) | a peer group |
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| 9 | |
An anxious-avoidant attachment is characterized by: |
| | A) | indifference on the part of the infant toward the caregiver. |
| | B) | trust on the part of the infant toward the caregiver. |
| | C) | excessive neediness on the part of the infant toward the caregiver. |
| | D) | anger on the part of the infant toward the caregiver. |
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| 10 | |
Pseudomaturity is associated with: |
| | A) | early puberty. |
| | B) | a range of psychological problems. |
| | C) | poor parenting/family instability. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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| 11 | |
Which of the following statements about dating is not true? |
| | A) | A robust finding in the literature is that those who delay dating because they are shy, unattractive, or unpopular are the most at risk for developmental problems. |
| | B) | Adolescents who do not date at all show signs of retarded social development. |
| | C) | Adolescents who do not date show feelings of insecurity. |
| | D) | Adolescents who date have a stronger self-image. |
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| 12 | |
Today, the dominant psychological framework within which researchers study adolescent romance is: |
| | A) | ecological perspectives on development. |
| | B) | attachment theory. |
| | C) | Sullivan's theory of interpersonal development. |
| | D) | Researchers draw on all of the perspectives mentioned above. |
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| 13 | |
According to research presented in the textbook, what is the number-one reason that adolescents use social networking sites? |
| | A) | to voice their opinion on various political and moral issues |
| | B) | to explore interests (music, TV shows) |
| | C) | to meet new people |
| | D) | to stay in touch with existing friends |
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| 14 | |
A strong and enduring emotional bond is indicative of: |
| | A) | intimacy. |
| | B) | insecurity. |
| | C) | attachment. |
| | D) | trust. |
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| 15 | |
What is the implicit model of interpersonal relationships that an individual employs throughout life? |
| | A) | co-rumination model |
| | B) | platonic relationship model |
| | C) | rejection sensitivity model |
| | D) | internal working model |
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| 16 | |
Which type of attachment is characterized by ambivalence? |
| | A) | secure attachment |
| | B) | anxious-avoidant attachment |
| | C) | anxious-resistant attachment |
| | D) | disorganized attachment |
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| 17 | |
Which theoretical perspective looks at individuals' internal working models about human relationships? |
| | A) | psychosocial perspective |
| | B) | interpersonal perspective |
| | C) | attachment perspective |
| | D) | psychoanalytic perspective |
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| 18 | |
Infants with which type of attachment are thought by some to be more likely to develop psychological and social problems during childhood and adolescence, including poor peer relationships? |
| | A) | secure attachment |
| | B) | mixed-style attachment |
| | C) | anxious attachment |
| | D) | disorganized attachment |
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| 19 | |
Which of the following did both Sullivan and Erikson's theories have in common? |
| | A) | the idea that interpersonal development is cumulative over time |
| | B) | the idea of an internal working model |
| | C) | the idea that the development of self-identity precedes the development of intimacy |
| | D) | the idea that the development of intimacy precedes the development of self-identity |
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| 20 | |
Whereas older adolescents' conflicts are typically over _____, younger adolescents' conflicts are often over _______. |
| | A) | private matters; perceived public disrespect |
| | B) | B perceived public disrespect; private matters |
| | C) | day-to-day issues; rules of the game |
| | D) | moral issues; rules of the game |
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| 21 | |
Over the course of adolescence, individuals: |
| | A) | show less empathy. |
| | B) | show less social understanding. |
| | C) | are more likely to understand how their friends feel. |
| | D) | become less interpersonally sensitive. |
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| 22 | |
How do sex differences in friendship quality differ between 13- and 18-year-olds? |
| | A) | Although there may be substantial sex differences in friendship quality at age 13, these differences are gone by age 18. |
| | B) | Although there may be very few sex differences in friendship quality at age 13, there are substantial differences by age 18. |
| | C) | Although boys may report higher quality in same-sex friendships at age 13, girls report higher friendship quality at age 18. |
| | D) | Although boys may report slightly higher friendship quality at age 13, there are virtually no differences in same-sex friendship quality by the age of 18. |
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| 23 | |
As individuals move from childhood to adolescence, and from adolescence into young adulthood, they become: |
| | A) | less likely to end their disagreements by disengagement. |
| | B) | more likely to end their disagreements by negotiation. |
| | C) | more likely to end their disagreements by coercion. |
| | D) | more likely to end their disagreements by overpowering the other. |
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| 24 | |
Negotiation is most common in the context of which type of relationship? |
| | A) | romantic partners |
| | B) | close friends |
| | C) | friends |
| | D) | acquaintances |
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| 25 | |
Which of the following statements regarding gender differences in close relationships and intimacy is false? |
| | A) | Females are more likely than males to report engaging in self-disclosure. |
| | B) | Females have more intimate knowledge about their friends than males. |
| | C) | Females are more empathic than males. |
| | D) | The development of close relationships among males most likely starts at a later age than it does among females. |
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| 26 | |
Which of the following descriptions about boy's friendships is inaccurate? |
| | A) | Boys' friendships are more oriented toward shared activities. |
| | B) | Boy's friendships are less oriented toward the explicit satisfaction of emotional needs. |
| | C) | Boy's conflicts with their friends are typically resolved when one friend apologizes. |
| | D) | Boy's conflicts are more likely than girls' conflicts to escalate into physical aggression. |
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| 27 | |
According to the textbook, adolescent conflicts among girls are typically resolved when: |
| | A) | moms get involved. |
| | B) | teachers get involved. |
| | C) | both parties just "let it go." |
| | D) | one friend apologizes. |
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| 28 | |
Intimacy between parents and adolescents tends to: |
| | A) | increase throughout the course of adolescence. |
| | B) | experience a slight decrease until mid-adolescence and then increases as young people move toward young adulthood. |
| | C) | decrease throughout the course of adolescence. |
| | D) | increase until mid-adolescence and then decrease. |
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| 29 | |
Studies of adolescents changing schools have found that support from ________ is most predictive of low psychological distress. |
| | A) | peers and parents |
| | B) | parents |
| | C) | peers |
| | D) | school counselors |
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| 30 | |
With the onset of other-sex intimacy in adolescence, what typically happens to same-sex friendships? |
| | A) | Same-sex friendships decline in number and are replaced by other-sex friendships. |
| | B) | Same-sex friendships increase in number and replace other-sex friendships. |
| | C) | The number of both same-sex and other-sex friendships declines during adolescence. |
| | D) | Other-sex friendships do not replace existing same-sex friendships; they are added to existing same-sex friendships. |
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| 31 | |
Though sexuality is strongly influenced by biological development, dating begins earlier among adolescents who: |
| | A) | are reared by single mothers. |
| | B) | have older siblings. |
| | C) | are not monitored closely by their parents. |
| | D) | All of these statements are true. |
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| 32 | |
The infatuation phase of dating is characterized by: |
| | A) | learning about oneself. |
| | B) | maintaining peer group status. |
| | C) | establishing meaningful attachments. |
| | D) | nurturing commitment and caring. |
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| 33 | |
The term sexual-minority youth refers to: |
| | A) | adolescents who are not yet sexually active. |
| | B) | adolescents who are sexually active. |
| | C) | adolescents who are not exclusively heterosexual. |
| | D) | adolescents who belong to a minority group and are sexually active. |
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| 34 | |
Adolescent girls who begin dating seriously at an earlier age than their peers have been found to be characterized by each of the following except ________ than their peers. |
| | A) | they are less socially mature |
| | B) | they are less imaginative |
| | C) | they are more attractive |
| | D) | they are more superficial |
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| 35 | |
What percent of adolescents have experienced dating violence? |
| | A) | 40% |
| | B) | 60% |
| | C) | 20% |
| | D) | 30% |
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| 36 | |
Dating violence has only been reported among: |
| | A) | ethnic minority adolescents. |
| | B) | heterosexual couples. |
| | C) | female adolescents. |
| | D) | Dating violence occurs in all of these groups. |
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| 37 | |
Which one of the following is not characteristic of adolescent girls who do not date at all? |
| | A) | they show signs of social retardation |
| | B) | they show excessive dependency on their parents |
| | C) | they are more popular than their dating peers |
| | D) | they are more insecure than their peers |
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| 38 | |
Compared to dating violence, parents are more likely to talk to their adolescent about: |
| | A) | drugs and alcohol. |
| | B) | family finances. |
| | C) | the economy. |
| | D) | All of the above are true. |
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| 39 | |
Which of the following statements about age-appropriate dating and social development is true? |
| | A) | Age-appropriate dating leads to better social development. |
| | B) | More socially advanced adolescents are more likely to date. |
| | C) | Less socially advanced adolescents are more likely to date. |
| | D) | We cannot conclusively determine whether age-appropriate dating leads to better social development or whether more socially advanced adolescents are simply more likely to date. |
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