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| 1 | |
Generally speaking, psychology is the scientific study of |
| | A) | controlled settings and mental processes |
| | B) | cognitive appraisals |
| | C) | the interaction between the environment and the person |
| | D) | behavior and the mind |
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| 2 | |
Dr. Smith studies people who have mental disorders. His area of psychology is called |
| | A) | cognitive psychology. |
| | B) | clinical psychology. |
| | C) | educational psychology. |
| | D) | developmental psychology. |
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| 3 | |
Astrology, palm reading, and graphology are examples of which science? |
| | A) | Pseudoscience |
| | B) | Biochemistry |
| | C) | Unconscious |
| | D) | Cognitive |
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| 4 | |
Which of the following approaches holds that knowledge is best gained through observation—that is, through the senses? |
| | A) | British empiricism |
| | B) | The psychodynamic approach |
| | C) | Functionalism |
| | D) | Structuralism |
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| 5 | |
A study has been conducted on the effects of a particular teaching strategy on student learning. A local elementary school is now modifying its curriculum based on these findings. Which of the following goals of psychology does the school's curriculum change reflect? |
| | A) | Apply |
| | B) | Understand |
| | C) | Describe |
| | D) | Predict |
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| 6 | |
What is the difference between basic and applied research? |
| | A) | Applied research is designed for the quest of knowledge for its own sake. |
| | B) | Basic research attempts to solve specific, practical problems. |
| | C) | Applied research is designed to solve specific, practical problems. |
| | D) | There are no differences between the two types of research. |
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| 7 | |
The ____________ of levels of analysis refers to the thoughts, feelings, and motives of one's self. |
| | A) | biological level |
| | B) | psychological level |
| | C) | environmental level |
| | D) | childhood level |
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| 8 | |
Which of the following terms suggest that the mind is a spiritual entity not governed by the rules of the body (i.e., that the mind and body are separate)? |
| | A) | Monism |
| | B) | British empiricism |
| | C) | Mind-body dualism |
| | D) | Structuralism |
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| 9 | |
Which theory of psychology believed that the analysis of the mind in terms of its basic elements was most important? |
| | A) | Functionalism |
| | B) | Darwinism |
| | C) | Behaviorism |
| | D) | Structuralism |
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| 10 | |
Which of the following perspectives holds that most psychological disorders are a result of unconscious conflicts? |
| | A) | Cognitive |
| | B) | Behavioral |
| | C) | Humanistic |
| | D) | Psychodynamic |
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| 11 | |
If a psychologist were to present you with a stimulus such as a strawberry and ask you to report the sensory elements of an experience you had many years ago, what would you conclude about the psychologist? |
| | A) | The psychologist is a cognitive neuroscientist. |
| | B) | The psychologist is conducting applied research. |
| | C) | The psychologist is a behavioral neuroscientist. |
| | D) | The psychologist is using a method of introspection. |
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| 12 | |
Which of the following theorists is associated with the behavioral perspective? |
| | A) | Ivan Pavlov |
| | B) | Sigmund Freud |
| | C) | Abraham Maslow |
| | D) | Carl Rogers |
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| 13 | |
Which of the following perspectives maintains that the environment plays the most critical role in determining human behavior and that humans are products of their learning experiences? |
| | A) | Humanistic |
| | B) | Psychodynamic |
| | C) | Behavioral |
| | D) | Cognitive |
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| 14 | |
The _______________ perspective emphasizes that each individual is unique, has free will, and is striving towards personal fulfillment. |
| | A) | humanistic |
| | B) | behavioral |
| | C) | sociocultural |
| | D) | psychodynamic |
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| 15 | |
Dr. Wood is investigating the effects of certain cognitive tasks, such as problem solving, on the brain. He uses brain imaging techniques and electrical recording in his observations. Dr. Wood is most likely a(n) |
| | A) | evolutionary psychologist. |
| | B) | behavioral geneticist. |
| | C) | neurobiologist. |
| | D) | cognitive neuroscientist. |
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| 16 | |
According to the sociocultural perspective, ___________ drive much of human behavior. |
| | A) | genes |
| | B) | neurological mechanisms |
| | C) | norms |
| | D) | unconscious impulses |
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| 17 | |
A ________________ studies the biological components of emotion. |
| | A) | cognitive neuroscientist |
| | B) | behavioral neuroscientist |
| | C) | behavioral psychologist |
| | D) | humanistic psychologist |
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| 18 | |
The principle of ____________ suggests that those who are best able to adapt to their environment will be the most likely to survive and reproduce. |
| | A) | natural selection |
| | B) | environmental selection |
| | C) | behavioral selection |
| | D) | genetic selection |
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| 19 | |
Which of the following would fall under the levels of analysis psychological factor of depression? |
| | A) | A person's genetic inheritance |
| | B) | Abnormal activity of neurotransmitters within the brain |
| | C) | Significant decrease in pleasurable experiences |
| | D) | A pessimistic thinking style and negative interpretation of event |
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| 20 | |
What is the first thing a student should do when preparing to study? |
| | A) | Break large tasks into smaller parts. |
| | B) | Prioritize tasks from least important to most important. |
| | C) | Develop a written schedule. |
| | D) | Study for many hours the night before a test. |
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