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| 1 | |
Ashanti feels thirsty, drinks a glass of water, and no longer feels thirsty. In terms of drive reduction theory, Ashanti has |
| | A) | engaged in a fixed action pattern. |
| | B) | been motivated by an incentive. |
| | C) | been motivated by an expectancy. |
| | D) | achieved homeostasis. |
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| 2 | |
Carolyn has been hiking in the mountains for several days and has run out of food. Carolyn's primary focus is to find food. In terms of ___________, Carolyn will search for food until she finds something to eat. |
| | A) | incentive theory |
| | B) | instinct theory |
| | C) | expectancy X theory |
| | D) | drive-reduction theory |
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| 3 | |
Marsha regularly studies at least three hours each day. Marsha's anticipation that studying will lead to a good grade can best be described as a(n) |
| | A) | drive. |
| | B) | instrumental behavior. |
| | C) | incentive. |
| | D) | instinct. |
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| 4 | |
The concept of self-actualization is a fundamental component of |
| | A) | self-determination theory. |
| | B) | Maslow's Need Hierarchy. |
| | C) | expectancy X value theory. |
| | D) | achievement goal theory. |
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| 5 | |
Michael plays tennis frequently because he enjoys it and finds it challenging. Michael's behavior of playing tennis is most likely due to |
| | A) | extrinsic motivation. |
| | B) | intrinsic motivation. |
| | C) | a drive. |
| | D) | an ego orientation. |
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| 6 | |
What are the three fundamental needs, according to self-determination theory? |
| | A) | Achievement, independence, and relatedness |
| | B) | Self-actualization, competence, and relatedness |
| | C) | Competence, autonomy, and relatedness |
| | D) | Affiliation, achievement, and knowledge |
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| 7 | |
Jason was feeling hunger pains an hour earlier. He has since eaten a balanced dinner and no longer feels hungry. This reduction in hunger is called |
| | A) | satiety |
| | B) | homeostasis |
| | C) | metabolism |
| | D) | set point |
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| 8 | |
Some researchers suggest that our body attempts to maintain a certain body weight—if we eat too little our metabolism will slow down and if we eat too much our metabolism will speed up. This is best explained by |
| | A) | set point theory. |
| | B) | drive reduction theory. |
| | C) | the regulation of leptin. |
| | D) | the influence of the ventromedial hypothalamus. |
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| 9 | |
Wendy frequently consumes large meals and then induces vomiting to eliminate what she has eaten. Wendy most likely suffers from |
| | A) | binge eating disorder. |
| | B) | anorexia nervosa. |
| | C) | bulimia nervosa. |
| | D) | compulsive overeating disorder. |
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| 10 | |
Ling's mother, aunt and sister suffer from both anorexia and bulimia eating disorders. What can you conclude about Ling? |
| | A) | There is little evidence for a genetic link for eating disorders, and thus Ling is not at an increased risk for developing one. |
| | B) | Ling may have a genetic predisposition for developing an eating disorder. |
| | C) | Ling is only at an increased risk if she has an identical twin with an eating disorder. |
| | D) | Ling will develop an eating disorder if she doesn't already have one. |
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| 11 | |
During the _______ phase in males, rhythmic contractions of internal organs and muscle tissue surrounding the urethra project semen out of the penis. |
| | A) | plateau |
| | B) | excitement |
| | C) | orgasm |
| | D) | resolution |
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| 12 | |
Which part of the brain plays a major role in sexual motivation? |
| | A) | Hypothalamus |
| | B) | Hippocampus |
| | C) | Amygdala |
| | D) | Brain stem |
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| 13 | |
_____________ comparison allows us to determine if our responses are "normal" and judge our level of physical and cognitive abilities. |
| | A) | Parallel |
| | B) | Upward |
| | C) | Downward |
| | D) | Social |
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| 14 | |
Having a mastery goal orientation |
| | A) | has several psychological advantages over an ego-approach orientation to success. |
| | B) | does not contribute as much as having an ego-approach to success. |
| | C) | contributes the same amount of psychological advantage as ego-approach to success. |
| | D) | increases the likelihood of avoiding challenges due to their difficulty. |
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| 15 | |
An individual who typically wants to outperform others with as little effort as possible is best described as ____________ oriented. |
| | A) | mastery |
| | B) | ego |
| | C) | achievement |
| | D) | performance |
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| 16 | |
Kayla wants to go to the mall with her friends instead of going to class to take her exam. This is an example of |
| | A) | Approach-approach conflict |
| | B) | Avoidance-avoidance conflict |
| | C) | Approach-avoidance conflict |
| | D) | Multiple-approach conflict |
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| 17 | |
Cognitive appraisals refer to |
| | A) | the interpretations and meanings that we attach to sensory stimuli |
| | B) | the adaptive function of emotional development |
| | C) | one's judgment in their ability to master a goal |
| | D) | hiring a person based on his or her abilities |
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| 18 | |
Your heart is beating fast, you breathe harder and faster to get more oxygen, your blood-sugar level increases, producing more nutrients for your muscles. Why is this happening? |
| | A) | The neural activity in your brain is not responding properly to fear |
| | B) | You are having a panic attack |
| | C) | You are having two simultaneous emotional reactions to an emotional event |
| | D) | You are experiencing the state of arousal known as fight-or-flight |
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| 19 | |
Cultural display rules pertain to |
| | A) | the way a culture determines laws and rules |
| | B) | the way a culture determines social regulations |
| | C) | the expression and meaning of certain gestures and body postures within a culture |
| | D) | the expression of nonverbal communication within a culture |
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| 20 | |
Meredith sees a sad movie. According to the _____________, Meredith will first cry and then feel sad. |
| | A) | James-Lange theory |
| | B) | Cannon-Bard theory |
| | C) | facial feedback hypothesis |
| | D) | two-factor theory of emotion |
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