 | Study Questions
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- Describe major issues and special research designs often encountered in developmental research.
- Describe the stages of prenatal development.
- How is sex genetically determined?
- Describe the effects of various teratogens.
- Describe the newborn's sensory capabilities, perceptual preferences, reflexes, and ability to learn.
- Explain how nature and nurture jointly influence infants' physical growth and motor development.
- Discuss Piaget's concepts of assimilation and accommodation, his stage model, and findings that help us evaluate his theory.
- Explain how Vygotsky's approach and information–processing models challenge Piaget's views.
- How do violation–of–expectation and theory–of–mind research challenge Piaget's views?
- Discuss children's emotional development, including emotional expressiveness, emotion regulation, and temperament.
- Describe four general psychosocial "crises" of infancy and childhood.
- Discuss imprinting, Harlow's attachment research, and attachment in humans.
- How do attachment, deprivation, child care, and divorce affect children's development?
- Identify parenting styles, their associated child outcomes and how children's gender beliefs develop.
- How does socialization influence children's beliefs about gender?
- Describe Kohlberg's model of moral thinking and factors that influence the development of moral behavior.
- Describe psychological consequences of early maturation and adolescents' brain development.
- Describe how physical abilities and the brain change in adulthood.
- Discuss major cognitive changes that occur during adolescence.
- How do cognitive and intellectual abilities change in adulthood?
- Critically evaluate the mental exercise hypothesis.
- Do we become "older but wiser" during adulthood?
- Describe common cognitive impairments of old age.
- Discuss adolescents' search for identity and their relationships with parents and peers.
- How do emotions change during adolescence?
- How do people judge whether they have reached adulthood?
- According to Erikson, what are three major developmental challenges of adulthood?
- Describe findings on the course of marital satisfaction and sex differences in career paths.
- Evaluate the concept of midlife crisis and the view that dying people experience a sequence of psychological stages.
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