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| 1 | |
Researchers are investigating the effects of test taking on student anxiety. The researchers predict that anxiety and test scores are correlated. The researchers have just stated a(n) |
| | A) | theory. |
| | B) | hypothesis. |
| | C) | operational definition. |
| | D) | principle. |
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| 2 | |
Researchers are investigating the effects of test taking on student anxiety. In an experiment, the researchers consider anxiety to be an increase in physiological arousal including heart rate and perspiration. The researchers have just created a(n) |
| | A) | theory. |
| | B) | hypothesis. |
| | C) | operational definition. |
| | D) | None of these. |
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| 3 | |
Andrea feels inclined to report how she thinks the researcher wants her to respond as opposed to how she truly feels. Andrea is exhibiting |
| | A) | social desirability bias. |
| | B) | social variability. |
| | C) | evidence that self-reports should never be used in psychological research. |
| | D) | the importance of unobtrusive measurement. |
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| 4 | |
APA's Ethics Code provides specific guidelines that include |
| | A) | operational definition. |
| | B) | minimal integrity. |
| | C) | informed consent. |
| | D) | archival support. |
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| 5 | |
Which of the following is a strength of the case study method? |
| | A) | It allows researchers to generalize. |
| | B) | It may be used to challenge the validity of a theory or a widely held scientific belief. |
| | C) | It allows researchers to determine cause-and-effect relationships. |
| | D) | It is an objective method of obtaining data. |
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| 6 | |
Which of the following is true about naturalistic observation? |
| | A) | It is an excellent method for determining cause-and-effect relationships. |
| | B) | Bias in the interpretation of data is unlikely to occur. |
| | C) | Bias in the recording of data is unlikely to occur. |
| | D) | It is important for the researcher to observe behavior without influencing it. |
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| 7 | |
Which of the following allows researchers conducting survey research to be confident that the sample represents the population? |
| | A) | Systematic sampling |
| | B) | Random assignment |
| | C) | Random sampling |
| | D) | None of these; there is no way to be confident that the sample represents the population. |
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| 8 | |
Researchers have found that the more violence children watch on television, the more violent they are likely to be. The relationship between violence on television and aggressive behavior in children can best be described as |
| | A) | a positive correlation. |
| | B) | a negative correlation. |
| | C) | a coefficient. |
| | D) | a cause-and-effect relationship. |
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| 9 | |
Which of the following indicates the strongest correlation? |
| | A) | +.45 |
| | B) | -.3 |
| | C) | +.66 |
| | D) | -.8 |
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| 10 | |
Researchers are investigating the effect of a new drug on anxiety. In this study, the drug is the |
| | A) | independent variable. |
| | B) | dependent variable. |
| | C) | control variable. |
| | D) | experimental variable. |
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| 11 | |
In a study investigating the effects of a strategy for improving memory on a test, the participants who don't use the strategy for improving memory are |
| | A) | receiving the dependent variable. |
| | B) | in the experimental group. |
| | C) | in the control group. |
| | D) | receiving the control variable. |
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| 12 | |
In an experiment, every participant will have an equal chance of being assigned to any group. In other words, this experiment uses |
| | A) | sampling assignment. |
| | B) | random assignment. |
| | C) | stratified random sampling. |
| | D) | controlled sampling. |
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| 13 | |
Two variables that have effects on the dependent variable but cannot be distinguished from one another are described as |
| | A) | demand characteristics. |
| | B) | counterbalancing. |
| | C) | a confounding of variables. |
| | D) | lacking internal validity. |
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| 14 | |
Researchers are conducting a double-blind experiment investigating the effects of a drug on depression. Participants are randomly divided into two groups—a control group and an experimental group. Although the control group participants received a sugar pill rather than the drug, many of them reported an improvement in their level of depression. This can best be described as |
| | A) | the effect of confounding of variables. |
| | B) | the influence of experimenter expectancy effects. |
| | C) | an invalid study. |
| | D) | the placebo effect. |
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| 15 | |
When a study cannot be generalized to other populations, settings, and conditions, it is said to |
| | A) | lack external validity. |
| | B) | lack internal validity. |
| | C) | be useless. |
| | D) | lack reliability. |
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| 16 | |
Which of the following is defined as the most frequently occurring score in a distribution? |
| | A) | Standard Deviation |
| | B) | Mode |
| | C) | Mean |
| | D) | Range |
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| 17 | |
The ____________ of a set of data is significantly affected by extreme scores. |
| | A) | mean |
| | B) | median |
| | C) | mode |
| | D) | validity |
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| 18 | |
What information does meta-analysis tell us? |
| | A) | the mean score for a data set |
| | B) | the amount of pseudoscientific information in a study |
| | C) | the measure of variability within one study |
| | D) | the direction and statistical strength of the relation between two variables |
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