 | Study Questions
(See related pages)
- What is learning?
- Describe habituation and its adaptive significance.
- Describe Pavlov's research and how a classically conditioned response is acquired. Explain spontaneous recovery and extinction.
- Explain stimulus generalization, discrimination, and higher-order conditioning.
- How is classical conditioning relevant to fear acquisition and treatment, attraction and aversion, and health?
- Describe how Thorndike and Skinner pioneered the study of operant conditioning.
- Contrast classical and operant conditioning. Why are discriminative stimuli important?
- Explain positive and negative reinforcement, operant generalization, and discrimination.
- Explain shaping, chaining, operant generalization, and discrimination.
- Describe schedules of reinforcement. How do they affect performances, learning rates, and extinction?
- Describe and illustrate escape and avoidance conditioning.
- How have operant principles been applied to education, the workplace, and solving problem behaviors?
- How does research on learned taste aversions and fear conditioning support the concept of preparedness?
- How does instinctive drift illustrate preparedness, and why is it important?
- Discuss how research on insight and cognitive maps challenged behaviorists views of learning.
- Describe the role of cognition in classical and operant conditioning. How did Tolman illustrate latent learning?
- Describe Bandura's social-cognitive theory and the four steps in the modeling process.
- Describe applications of social-cognitive theory to solve global problems.
- How does learning influence the brain?
- Summarize biological, psychological, and environmental factors involved in learning.
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