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| 1 | |
Dr. Marcus studies how people understand, produce, and acquire language. His field of study is known as |
| | A) | cognitive behavioral psychology |
| | B) | humanistic psychology |
| | C) | developmental psychology |
| | D) | psycholinguistics |
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| 2 | |
The concept of ______________ allows language to be flexible, as it allows a finite number of words to be used to create an infinite number of expressions. |
| | A) | syntax |
| | B) | displacement |
| | C) | generativity |
| | D) | surface structure |
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| 3 | |
Your ability to talk about both the past and the future is referred to as |
| | A) | generativity. |
| | B) | displacement. |
| | C) | semantics. |
| | D) | syntax. |
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| 4 | |
Phonemes are |
| | A) | the smallest units of speech sound in a language that can signal a difference in meaning. |
| | B) | the smallest units of meaning in a language. |
| | C) | unique to the English language. |
| | D) | words that sound alike but are spelled differently, like "rain," "reign," and "rein." |
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| 5 | |
Morphemes are |
| | A) | the smallest units of speech sound in a language that can signal a difference in meaning. |
| | B) | the smallest units of meaning in a language. |
| | C) | unique to the English language. |
| | D) | words that sound alike but are spelled differently, like "rain," "reign," and "rein." |
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| 6 | |
A sign reads, "Silk for Sale". However, people stop in and ask to buy a gallon of milk all day long. What type of processing is this an example of? |
| | A) | Speech segmentation |
| | B) | Bottom-up processing |
| | C) | Top-down processing |
| | D) | Dual-route models of word recognition |
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| 7 | |
Which theorist believes that all humans are genetically prewired to learn language? |
| | A) | Bandura |
| | B) | Piaget |
| | C) | Cattell |
| | D) | Chomsky |
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| 8 | |
When parents or other adults talk to children in a high-pitched intonation, it is referred to as |
| | A) | Syntactic rule |
| | B) | appropriate language usage |
| | C) | child-directed speech |
| | D) | nonverbal communication |
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| 9 | |
For non-English speaking students, under which conditions do they appear to develop higher self-esteem, exhibit better academic performance, and appear notably more fluent in English? |
| | A) | Bilingual education settings that utilize their native language as well as the English language |
| | B) | Immersion in an English-only setting |
| | C) | Immersion in an English-only setting during the school day and an after-school program that incorporates their own language |
| | D) | Immersion in a setting emphasizing their native language with relatively little focus on English |
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| 10 | |
Phonological awareness refers to |
| | A) | Recognition of written words |
| | B) | Recognition of different styles of music |
| | C) | Awareness of the sound structure of one's language |
| | D) | Awareness of the written structure of one's language |
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| 11 | |
Which of the following statements is true? |
| | A) | Human language can only be taught to an ape by a human. |
| | B) | Apes' language meets all of the criteria for human language. |
| | C) | Apes can communicate with language at a sixth grade reading level. |
| | D) | It is not clear if apes perceive the symbols and signs as words in the sense that humans do. |
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| 12 | |
Your ability to have a mental representation of throwing a ball is an example of |
| | A) | Motoric thought |
| | B) | Imaginal thought |
| | C) | Propositional thought |
| | D) | Conceptual thought |
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| 13 | |
If you are more likely to consider baseball as a sport than race car driving, then your ______________ for the concept of "sport" is more closely aligned with baseball than with race car driving. |
| | A) | heuristic |
| | B) | prototype |
| | C) | algorithm |
| | D) | mental set |
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| 14 | |
Three-year-old Meredith has observed that her dog barks. She has also observed that her neighbor's dog barks. Meredith concludes that all dogs bark. Meredith's conclusion is best described by |
| | A) | confirmation bias. |
| | B) | deductive reasoning. |
| | C) | inductive reasoning. |
| | D) | divergent thinking. |
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| 15 | |
Ashley is planning a road trip to drive across the United States. Rather than consider every possible road she could take, she decides to consider only the main roads since this is how she normally travels. What is Ashley using to plan her road trip? |
| | A) | Propositional thinking |
| | B) | An algorithm |
| | C) | A prototype |
| | D) | A heuristic |
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| 16 | |
The concept of _____________ can be described as making a judgment based on whatever comes to mind first. |
| | A) | availability heuristic |
| | B) | representativeness heuristic |
| | C) | confirmation bias |
| | D) | functional fixedness |
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| 17 | |
Bill is a smoker. He doesn't believe that smoking increases his risk of developing cancer. Bill searches for evidence on the Internet and in books to confirm his belief and ignores evidence that doesn't support his belief. Bill is exhibiting |
| | A) | a mental set. |
| | B) | the representativeness heuristic. |
| | C) | confirmation bias. |
| | D) | functional fixedness. |
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| 18 | |
Which of the following is a key characteristic of creative people? |
| | A) | Inductive reasoning |
| | B) | Divergent thinking |
| | C) | Convergent thinking |
| | D) | Functional fixedness |
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| 19 | |
Jill has been stranded at the airport for more than 12 hours. She is sleepy but doesn't have a pillow. She cannot see that her duffle bag could be used for a pillow. The inability to use the duffle bag as a pillow demonstrates the concept of |
| | A) | functional fixedness. |
| | B) | divergent thinking. |
| | C) | confirmation bias. |
| | D) | bottom-up processing. |
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| 20 | |
Your ability to know whether you understand a concept or not is called |
| | A) | wisdom. |
| | B) | propositional thought. |
| | C) | metacognition. |
| | D) | belief bias. |
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| 21 | |
Following her lecture, Dr. Lang requires her students to read the psychology textbook for fifteen minutes at home and then summarize that information. According to research, Dr. Lang's students should |
| | A) | have increased comprehension. |
| | B) | have decreased comprehension. |
| | C) | have better writing skills. |
| | D) | feel closer to their professor. |
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