AP Biology (Mader), 11th Edition

Chapter 16: How Populations Evolve

Post-Test

1
A group of organisms of the same species living together in the same geographic region is a (an):
A)Community
B)Population
C)Ecosystem
2
The total of all the genes of all the individuals in a population is the _____.
A)gametes
B)zygotes
C)gene pool
D)phenotype
3
All of the following factors cause deviations from a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium of allele frequencies EXCEPT:
A)Mutations
B)Migration
C)No selection
D)Nonrandom mating
4
Hospital data have shown that human infants born with intermediate birth weights have a better chance of survival. Large babies tend to have more difficulties during delivery and smaller babies may not have fully functional organ systems. This is an example of what type of selection?
A)Disruptive
B)Stabilizing
C)Directional
5
Stabilizing selection:
A)reduces the variability in populations.
B)increases the variability in populations.
C)does not affect the variability in populations.
6
In the Hardy-Weinberg equation, 2pq equals the frequency of _____ genotypes.
A)homozygous dominant
B)homozygous recessive
C)heterozygous
7
What is the frequency of the dominant allele in a population of 100 individuals with the following genotypes: 30 BB, 60 Bb, 10 bb?
A)0.2
B)0.4
C)0.6
D)0.1
8
If there is continued gene flow between two populations, then the gene pools of the two populations will:
A)become more different over time.
B)remain genetically isolated.
C)stay the same over time.
D)become more similar over time.
9
The shift in the population of peppered moths from 10% dark-colored moths prior to the advent of industry to 80% dark-colored moths after the advent of industry illustrates the process of _____.
A)microevolution
B)artificial selection
C)macroevolution
D)assortative mating
10
An alteration in genetic material is:
A)a mutation.
B)genetic drift.
C)microevolution.
D)nonrandom mating.
11
All of the following are examples of territoriality EXCEPT:
A)A male baboon showing his large canines
B)Individuals mating with close relatives
C)Roaring of red deer stags
D)Vocalizations and displays of songbirds
12
Which of the following is an example of sexual selection?
A)The attraction of female Raggiana birds to a male Raggianas with an elaborately colored plumage
B)Tall humans mating with other tall humans
C)Inbreeding
D)When one extreme phenotype is favored over phenotypes
13
When individuals tend to mate with those that have the same phenotype with respect to some characteristic, _____ occurs.
A)sexual selection
B)assortative mating
C)random mating
D)genetic drift
14
The loss of genetic diversity caused by a severe reduction in population due to a natural disaster is known as:
A)The bottleneck effect
B)Disruptive selection
C)Gene flow
D)Random mating
15
A recessive allele that causes polydactylism is found in a usually large percentage of the Amish of Lancaster County, PA because of _____.
A)stabilizing selection
B)sexual selection
C)the founder effect
D)industrial melanism
16
When an extreme phenotype is favored and the distribution curve shifts in that direction, _____ selection occurs.
A)stabilizing
B)directional
C)disruptive
17
If the frequency of the dominant allele in a population is 0.2, then the frequency of heterozygous genotypes is:
A)0.64
B)0.8
C)0.04
D)0.32
18
The occurrence of disruptive selection in the British land snails created _____.
A)two different phenotypes, snails with dark shells and snails with light-banded shells
B)one intermediate phenotype, snails with mottled shells
C)a larger number of snails with dark shells
D)a larger number of snails with light-banded shells
19
The increased fitness of the individuals who are _________ for sickle-cell trait in areas where malaria is prevalent maintains the recessive allele in the population.
A)homozygous dominant
B)heterozygous
C)homozygous recessive
20
Equus, the modern horse, adapted to a grassland habitat with a larger body size than its ancestor, Hyracotherium, which was adapted to forested areas. This is an example of:
A)disruptive selection
B)directional selection
C)stabilizing selection
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