AP Biology (Mader), 11th Edition

Chapter 19: Systematics and Phylogeny

Post-Test

1
The branch of biology that is concerned with identifying, naming and classifying organisms is called _____.
A)taxidermy
B)ecology
C)systematics
D)taxonomy
2
The binomial system of naming species was developed by _____.
A)Mendel
B)Linnaeus
C)Darwin
D)Watson and Crick
3
The evolutionary history of a group of organisms is a:
A)Taxon
B)Specific epithet
C)Derived trait
D)Phylogeny
4
To identify species by comparing a short fragment of DNA sequence from an unknown organism to a large database of sequences from known organisms is specifically known as:
A)DNA barcoding
B)systematics
C)parsimony
D)transformation
5
All of the following statements about cladistics are true EXCEPT:
A)Cladistics uses shared, derived traits to develop cladograms.
B)In cladistics, hypotheses are developed about the evolutionary history of organisms.
C)A cladogram is a definitive, unchanging representation of the evolutionary history of organisms.
D)Cladistics applies the principle of parsimony.
6
Which of the following is a kingdom of multicellular, photosynthetic organisms in the Domain Eukarya?
A)Animalia
B)Plantae
C)Archaea
D)Fungi
7
The sequencing of _____ suggests that all organisms evolved from a common ancestor along three distinct lineages.
A)mitochondrial DNA
B)rRNA
C)cytochrome c
8
Traditionally, Domain Eukarya contains _____ kingdoms.
A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four
9
All organisms in Domain Eukarya have cells with _____.
A)a cell wall
B)a nucleus
C)chloroplasts
D)centrioles
10
Organisms in Domain Eukarya that form spores and have cell walls containing chitin are classified as _____.
A)plants
B)animals
C)fungi
D)protists
11
______ has occurred when distantly related species have a structure that looks the same only because of adaptation to the same type of environment.
A)Parsimony
B)Homology
C)Convergent evolution
D)Divergent evolution
12
When systematic biologists study mutations in base-pair sequences that accumulate occur over time, they are studying:
A)Morphological traits
B)Fossil traits
C)Behavioral traits
D)Molecular traits
13
Those traits not found in the common ancestor of a taxonomic group are _____ traits.
A)derived
B)ancestral
C)fossil
D)vestigial
14
Which of the following taxa does not contain prokaryotes?
A)Fungi
B)Archaea
C)Bacteria
15
Which of the following is true of a cladogram?
A)It is subjective and reflects the bias of the investigator who created it.
B)It tells us the exact time at which derived characters evolved.
C)It shows the sequence in which characters evolved in the group being studied.
D)Cladograms very rarely change as new data is gathered.
16
When determining the phylogeny of closely-related species, investigators study _____ because it changes so quickly.
A)rRNA
B)mitochondrial DNA
C)cytochrome c
D)nuclear DNA
17
The relatedness of groups of organisms is more accurately determined when _____ data is examined.
A)molecular
B)fossil
C)homology
18
Which of the following statements about molecular clocks is not true?
A)Molecular clocks indicate relatedness of organisms.
B)Molecular clocks are based on changes in nucleic acids that are tied to adaptation.
C)Molecular clocks indicate evolutionary time.
D)Molecular clocks are based on nucleic acid changes that occur at a constant rate.
19
The most inclusive category of classification is _____.
A)species
B)kingdom
C)domain
D)class
20
The taxa that will be placed in clades in a cladogram form the _____.
A)outgroup
B)ingroup
C)synapomorphic group
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