AP Biology (Mader), 11th Edition

Chapter 38: Sense Organs

Learning Outcomes

38.1 Sensory Receptors

1. Explain the differences between sensory receptors, sensory transduction, and perception.
2. Describe four types of sensory receptors, and list examples of each.

38.2 Chemical Senses

1. Discuss the locations of chemoreceptors in arthropods, crustaceans, and vertebrates.
2. Discuss the types and locations of taste receptors in humans.
3. Compare and contrast how the brain receives information about taste versus smell.

38.3 Sense of Vision

1. Compare the structure of the compound eyes of arthropods with the camera-type eyes of vertebrates.
2. List all tissues or cell layers through which light passes from when it enters the eye until it is converted to a nerve impulse.
3. Discuss the distinct roles of rod cells, cone cells, and rhodopsin in converting a light stimulus into a nerve impulse.
4. Describe several common disorders affecting vision.

38.4 Senses of Hearing and Balance

1. Compare several strategies that different types of animals use to hear sounds.
2. Distinguish the parts of the human ear that make up the outer, middle, and inner ear.
3. Review the differences between rotational and gravitational equilibrium, and how each is accomplished.
4. Describe several common disorders affecting hearing and/or equilibrium.

38.5 Somatic Senses

1. Compare and contrast the functions of proprioceptors, cutaneous receptors, and pain receptors.
2. List specific types of cutaneous receptors that are sensitive to fine touch, pressure, pain, and temperature.