AP Biology (Mader), 11th Edition

Chapter 42: Animal Development

Learning Outcomes

42.1 Early Developmental Stages

1. Identify the structures of an egg and sperm that are directly involved in fertilization.
2. Compare and contrast the cellular, tissue, and organ stages of embryonic development.
3. Describe the major steps in the development of the central nervous system of vertebrates.

42.2 Developmental Progress

1. Distinguish between cellular differentiation and morphogenesis.
2. Define cytoplasmic segregation and induction, and explain how these phenomena contribute to cellular differentiation.
3. Describe the major steps of morphogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster.

42.3 Human Embryonic and Fetal Development

1. Name the membranes surrounding the human embryo, and list their functions.
2. Chronologically list the major events that occur during embryonic and fetal development.
3. Describe the structure and functions of the placenta.

42.4 The Aging Process

1. Discuss the effects of aging on various body systems.
2. Compare and contrast the preprogrammed theories to the damage accumulation theories of aging.