AP Biology (Mader), 11th Edition

Chapter 45: Community and Ecosystem Ecology

Learning Outcomes

45.1 Ecology of Communities

1. Recognize the features of a biological community and species richness.
2. Describe the factors that define an organism's ecological niche within its community.
3. Identify how the interactions among species organize a community.

45.2 Community Development

1. Choose the correct sequence of events that occur during ecological succession.
2. Compare the two types of ecological succession.

45.3 Dynamics of an Ecosystem

1. Describe the interactions of organisms with their environments that comprise an ecosystem.
2. Identify the ways autotrophs, photoautotrophs, and heterotrophs obtain nutrients.
3. Interpret the energy flow and biogeochemical cycling within and among ecosystems.
4. Explain the energy flow among populations through food webs and ecological pyramids.