1 A) Nothing. B) They are both found only in plants. C) They are both polysaccharides. D) They are both monosaccharides. E) They are both muscle sugars 2 A) DNA. B) RNA. C) a nucleotide. D) a base. E) Cellulose 3 A) amino acid—starch B) nucleotide—DNA C) monosaccharide—glycogen D) nucleotide—RNA E) all of these are correctly matched. 4 A) Carbon can form long covalently bonded chains which can incorporate many other atoms. B) Carbon obeys different laws of chemistry than most other chemicals. C) Of all the elements, only carbon has 4 valence electrons. D) Carbon has the unique ability to form double bonds with other carbon atoms. E) Carbon is the most abundant type of atom on Earth. 5 A) glucose B) cellulose C) maltose D) sucrose E) galactose 6 A) True B) False 7 A) Support B) Motion C) Defense D) There are proteins which can provide each of the above functions. E) Proteins do not perform these functions. 8 A) True B) False 9 A) Starch is produced only by plant cells, and cellulose is produced only by animal cells. B) Cellulose forms long filaments, and starch is highly branched. C) Starch is insoluble, and cellulose is soluble. D) They are composed of different monomers. E) Starch is a disaccharide and cellulose is a polysaccharide. 10 A) Monosaccharides B) Nucleotides C) Amino acids D) Fatty acids E) glycerol 11 A) lipid; fatty acids and glucose B) lipid; fatty acids and glycerol C) carbohydrate; fatty acids D) lipid; cholesterol E) protein; amino acids 12 A) The double bond between carbon and oxygen are very strong. B) The electronegativity of the oxygen atoms means that a carbohydrate is made up of many polar bonds. C) They can form ring structures in the aqueous environment of a cell. D) Carbohydrates are NOT important molecules for energy storage. E) The covalent C–H bonds found in carbohydrates store energy. 13 A) True B) False 14 A) Starch B) Glycogen C) Cellulose D) Chitin E) Myoglobin 15 A) Nonpolar amino acids, such as leucine, often have R groups that contain —CH2 or —CH3 . B) Polar uncharged amino acids, such as threonine, have R groups that contain oxygen (or —OH). C) Charged amino acids, such as glutamic acid, have R groups that contain acids or bases that can ionize. D) Aromatic amino acids, such as phenylalanine, have R groups that contain an organic (carbon) ring with alternating single and double bonds. E) Amino acids that have special functions have similar properties.
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