1 A) alkaloids B) celluloids C) ketoids D) saccharides E) histones 2 A) perforated septa B) are monokaryotic C) do not form zygotes D) lack septa except when they form sporangia or gametangia E) have solid septa 3 A) Mitosis is followed by cell division of several fused cells simultaneously. B) Chromosomes are relocated without the aid of a mitotic spindle. C) The number of centrioles equals the number of sister chromatids. D) The nuclear envelope breaks down and reforms several times during mitosis. E) The spindle apparatus forms within the nuclear membrane to separate chromosomes. 4 A) within septa B) externally though secretion of enzymes C) in mycelia D) in hyphae E) Each of the selections is demonstrated by various fungi. 5 A) closer investigation of sexual reproduction strategies B) fossils and protein sequence data C) protein sequence data D) new microscopic studies of fossils E) molecular sequence data 6 A) diplohaploidic B) alternation of generations C) gametophyte / sporophyte switching D) haplontic E) diplontic 7 A) within the zygosporangium B) in the sporangiophore C) in the mycelium near rapidly-growing regions D) next to the food substrate E) Most of the cells in zygomycetes are diploid. 8 A) secretion of digestive enzymes into the soil B) growth on the surface of another organism in a commensal form of symbiosis C) use of another organism for distribution of spores D) formation of intracellular associations with plant roots E) fusion of plasma membranes with another organism for nutrient exchange 9 A) The primary mycelium is made of monokaryotic hyphae, while the secondary consists of a dikaryotic mycelium. B) The secondary mycelium is made of monokaryotic hyphae, while the primary consists of a dikaryotic mycelium. C) There is lignification of cell walls in a secondary but not a primary mycelium. D) The mycelium is called "primary" if it's in its first year of growth and "secondary" any time after the first year. E) Cells that give rise to spores are called "secondary", and vegetative cells of a mycelium are called "primary". 10 A) plants B) cyanobacteria C) algae D) both cyanobacteria and algae E) All of the selections are correct. 11 A) basidiomycosis B) ascomycosis C) aflatoxosis D) Candida infection E) chytridiomycosis 12 A) pores B) plasmodesmata C) septa D) rhizoids E) mycelia 13 A) mode of reproduction B) type of symbiotic relationship C) comparisons of DNA sequences of small-subunit rRNAs D) presence of spores E) None of the selections are correct. 14 A) during the diploid phase B) just after mitosis C) at the conclusion of meiosis D) in the sporangiophore supporting the sporangium E) during the formation of gametangia or sporangia 15 A) true B) false 16 A) bread yeasts B) death cap mushrooms C) common molds D) morels 17 A) blastocladiomycetes B) chytridiomycetes C) neocallimastigomycetes D) microsporidia 18 A) true B) false 19 A) Spores are the most common means of reproduction among fungi. B) Spores can form through sexual processes. C) Spores can form through asexual processes. D) Spores are dispersed by the wind, insects and small animals. E) All of the selections are correct statements. 20 A) parasites; pathogens B) both; pathogens C) pathogens; parasites D) both; both 21 A) Mycorrhizae are fungi associated with roots of plants; there are three principal types. B) In ectomycorrhizae, the hyphae surround but do not penetrate root cell walls. C) In arbuscular mycorrhizae, the hyphae penetrate the root cell walls of plants but not the membranes. D) Arbuscular mycorrhizae imvolve about 70 - 80% of all plant species,
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