Biology (Raven), 10th Edition

Chapter 33: Animal Diversity and the Evolution of Body Plans

Post-Test

1
Select the correct array of defining features for protostomes.
A)radial cleavage/ indeterminate development/blastopore forms anus/coelom from invagination of archenteron
B)spiral cleavage/determinate development/blastopore forms mouth/coelom from mesodermal split
C)radial cleavage/determinate development/blastopore forms mouth/coelom from mesodermal split
D)spiral cleavage/determinate development/blastopore forms anus/coelom from mesodermal split
E)spiral cleavage/indeterminate development/blastopore forms anus/coelom from mesodermal split
2
Which of the following is NOT a key innovation in animal evolution?
A)evolution of symmetry
B)evolution of tissues, allowing specialized structures and functions
C)evolution of a body cavity
D)evolution of various patterns of embryonic development
E)All choices are key innovations in animal evolution.
3
What has recent molecular data revealed abut the phylum Porifera?
A)It is monophyletic.
B)It is comprised of 2 or 3 distantly related groups.
C)It is not an animal phylum.
D)Molecular data supported what had been the minority view that the phylum Porifera is monophyletic.
E)None of the choices are correct.
4
What innovation made possible the development of advanced organ systems?
A)open circulatory system
B)closed circulatory system
C)digestive cavity
D)body cavity isolated from the exterior of the animal
E)germ layers
5
Which of the following is a defining characteristic of an animal?
A)multicellularity
B)heterotrophic
C)no cell walls
D)sexual reproduction
E)All choices are defining characteristics.
6
How do sponges differ from all other animals?
A)aquatic
B)they lack specialized tissues
C)they are sessile
D)they cannot reproduce sexually
E)cells can differentiate from one type to another
7
Recent molecular data has led to a revision of the traditional classification of animal phyla. The annelids and arthropods are now moved into different clades, and the arthropods are now assigned to ________, animals that molt.
A)Ctenophora
B)Ecdysozoa
C)Chaetognatha
D)Nematoda
E)Echinoderms
8
True or false: It is accepted that the animal kingdom is monophyletic.
A)true
B)false
9
Which of the following is characteristic of sponges?
A)symmetry
B)sexual reproduction
C)tissues
D)organs
E)adult mobility
10
On the state of what did morphology-based phylogeny focus?
A)germ layers
B)segmentation
C)molting
D)coelom
E)symmetry
11
What do deuterostomes NOT include?
A)chordates
B)ecdysozoans
C)echinoderms
D)sea stars
E)sea urchins
12
What clades do Spiralia comprise?
A)Lophotrochozoa
B)Acoelomorpha
C)Platyzoa
D)Parazoa
E)Lophotrochozoa and Platyzoa
13
With which of the following are arthropods now grouped?
A)protostomes that molt their cuticles at least once during their life
B)annelids
C)sponges
D)cnidarians
E)ctenoophores
14
Which of the following do Lophotrochozoa include?
A)rotifers
B)cnidarians
C)annelids
D)mollusks
E)annelids and mollusks
15
Select the correct statement concerning segmentation.
A)mediated at the molecular level by Hox genes
B)allowed for redundant systems
C)allowed for improved locomotion.
D)allows that damage to any one segment need not be fatal because other segments duplicate the damaged segment's functions.
E)All choices are correct.
16
Select the correct set of attributes for deuterostomes.
A)indeterminate development; humans; blastopore becomes anus
B)determinate development; echinoderms; blastopore become anus
C)radial cleavage; echinoderms; blastopore becomes mouth
D)spiral cleavage; humans; blastopore becomes mouth
17
Sponge cells are able to dedifferentiate and then redifferentiate. All other animals differentiate irreversibly. What does this suggest?
A)sponge cells behave like plant cells
B)sponge cells behave like fungi cells
C)the evolution of specialized tissues may be a key innovation
D)evolution failed to develop a powerful innovation
18
Match the type of heterotroph with food source.
A)Detritivores consume autotrophs.
B)Herbivores consume autotrophs.
C)Carnivores consume autotrophs.
D)None of the choices are correct.
19
Select the correct statement concerning embryonic development.
A)Zygotes are formed from the fusion of haploid gametes.
B)Zygotes undergo mitotic divisions called cleavage.
C)Cleavage produces a ball of cells called a blastula.
D)The blastula folds inward to form a hollow sac with an opening called a blastopore, a developmental stage called a gastrula.
E)All choices are correct.
20
Select the statement that is not true concerning choanocytes.
A)They capture food particles from passing water.
B)They circulate water with their beating flagella.
C)They can consume particles many times their size by stretching their cells.
D)They resemble a protist with a single flagellum.
21
True or false: Nematocysts are the most complex structures secreted by single animal cells.
A)true
B)false
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