Biology (Raven), 10th Edition

Chapter 51: The Immune System

Post-Test

1
While T cells mature in the _______, B cells mature in the _______.
A)spleen; thymus
B)lymph nodes; bone marrow
C)thymus; lymph nodes
D)thymus; bone marrow
E)bone marrow; spleen
2
An important characteristic of the skin that helps as a defense against pathogens is:
A)its thickness.
B)its pH of 8-9.
C)its dryness.
D)its pH of 3-5.
E)none of these
3
Which of the following statements is incorrect concerning fevers?
A)causes the spleen and liver to release iron
B)promotes the activity of phagocytic cells.
C)results from interleukin-1 released by macrophages stimulating the hypothalamus.
D)is a non-adaptive response.
E)impedes the growth of some microorganisms
4
What happens to the small percentage (10%) of B cells that do not bind to stromal cell epitopes on bone marrow cells?
A)They will undergo apoptosis.
B)They will travel to the thymus where they will complete their maturation into T cells.
C)They will be reabsorbed.
D)They will be released from the bone marrow into the blood.
E)none of the above
5
What is the function of activated cytotoxic T cells?
A)recognize "altered-self" cells and destroy them through apoptosis
B)secrete interleukin-1.
C)destroy bacteria directly.
D)mature in the bone marrow.
E)none of the available answers is correct
6
What is the first immunoglobulin antibody secreted during the primary immune response?
A)IgA
B)IgG
C)IgE
D)IgM
E)IgD
7
After an allergen binds to and activates B cells, the B cells are directed by activated ______ to secrete ____ antibodies.
A)TC cells/IgG
B)TH cells/IgE
C)the foreign protein/IgE
D)macrophages/IgM
E)TH cells/IgM
8
Which statement is not correct concerning monoclonal antibodies and their production?
A)Monoclonal antibodies are specific for one epitope.
B)They are produced from B lymphocytes collected from a sacrificed animal's spleen
C)Monoclonal antibodies can be used for diagnosis and treatment of diseases.
D)They are produced in a process that involves a final purification step in which the antibodies are attached to latex beads.
E)All statements are correct.
9
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is particularly difficult to combat because:
A)because it is a retrovirus it can hide in a "latent" form in the genome of cells it infects.
B)it attacks the TH cells.
C)it eventually destroys the immune system.
D)attempts to create vaccines have met with little success.
E)all of the above
10
The skin is home to bacteria and fungi. All of these are potentially harmful.
A)True
B)False
11
What is true about NK cells?
A)attack invading microbes directly.
B)kill by phagocytosis.
C)are the most abundant of leukocytes.
D)kill cells of the body that have been infected with viruses.
E)none of the above
12
Which statement about antigens is not correct?
A)provoke specific immune responses
B)may be large, complex proteins
C)may be components of foods
D)may have many different parts.
E)all of the above statements are correct.
13
Which statement about the human major histocompatibility complex (or MHC) is not true?
A)encodes human leukocyte antigens
B)are extremely polymorphic
C)allows self versus non-self recognition.
D)human leukocyte antigens are the proteins encoded by the MHC complex in humans
E)MHC Class II proteins respond to peptides bound to cytotoxic T cells
14
What sort of molecule are the B cell receptors for antigens?
A)cytokines
B)interleukins
C)immunoglobulins
D)interferons
E)none of the above
15
True or false: It is impossible for the immune system to attack the animal's own tissues and cause death.
A)true
B)false
16
Which of the following is not a secondary lymphoid organ?
A)mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
B)spleen
C)thyroid
D)lymph nodes
17
Which statement correctly explains the cause of swollen glands?
A)It is the result of inflammation.
B)It is the result of vasodilation of local blood vessels.
C)It results from a build-up of eosinophils.
D)Swollen glands are lymph nodes that enlarge due to the vast influx of lymphocytes responding to an antigen "filtered" by the node.
18
True or false: The key to the function of the immune system is the ability to distinguish self from non-self cells.
A)true
B)false
19
Which of the following is not a component of an immunoglobulin molecule?
A)Light chain
B)Fatty acid helix
C)Heavy chain
D)Disulfide bonds forming a "bridge"
E)Carbohydrate chain
20
The binding of immunoglobulins to antigens cannot cause which of the following to the antigens?
A)Precipitate
B)The adjustment of their pH to 7 or so, thereby causing them to unwind
C)Coat antigens to make them ineffective
D)Agglutinate them
21
Which of the following statements is not true about cytokines?
A)Cytokines activate naive cytotoxic T cells into clonal expansion and differentiation into memory and activated cytotoxic T cells
B)Helper T cells produce cytokines as well as some other type of cells.
C)Upon binding, cytokines initiate signaling cascades that result in their activation, apoptosis or differentiation.
D)Cytokines bind to specific receptors on the membranes of many cells, especially immune system cells.
E)It is largely TH cells and the cytokines they secrete that determines whether an immune response will be humoral or cell-mediated.
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