1 A) the fusion of the sperm and egg membranes B) in some species - pricking the egg C) increased levels of free Ca2+ ions in the egg D) increased metabolic activity of the egg E) All possible answers are correct 2 A) meroblastic/trophoblast B) holoblastic/blastodisc C) meroblastic/blastodisc D) meroblastic/blastomere E) holoblastic/blastodisc 3 A) During gastrulation, the primitive streak forms the endoderm. B) During gastrulation, the blastoderm gives rise to all three germ layers. C) Prior to gastrulation, the blastoderm separates into three layers. D) Gastrulation in birds involves the formation of an archenteron that spans the distance from the vegetal pole to the animal one. 4 A) ectoderm, endoderm and archenteron B) ectoderm, blastocoel and mesoderm C) mesoderm, vegetal pole and animal pole D) endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm 5 A) the development of a second notochord at the transplantation site B) a second notochord was produced that contained both the host cells and the transplanted ones C) the differentiation of the dorsal lip cells into belly cells D) a second notochord was produced under the genetic direction of both host and transplanted cells that formed perpendicular to the primary neural fold 6 A) homologous growth B) isometric growth C) allometric growth D) heterometric growth E) sinusoidal growth 7 A) It is the outer layer of an egg. B) It is a structure on the sperm that is used to penetrate the egg. C) It contains digestive enzymes. D) It occurs only in sea urchin sperm. E) More than one of these is not correct. 8 A) It results in an increase in the overall size of the embryo. B) It is the event following fertilization. C) It involves the rapid division of the zygote into many cells. D) It has the same pattern in all animals. E) more than one of these is correct 9 A) It increases the size of the embryo. B) It forms two primary germ layers. C) It converts the blastula into a bilaterally symmetrical embryo. D) It converts the gastrula into bilaterally symmetrical embryo. E) More than one of these is correct. 10 A) somites and the dorsal nerve cord B) notochord and the neural crest C) notochord and the dorsal nerve cord D) somites E) neural crest and the dorsal nerve cord 11 A) node/morphogens B) organizer/morphogens C) organizer/inductants D) node/inductants E) none of these 12 A) maintens the uterus B) stimulates the release of hCG C) stimulates the release of FSH and LH thereby preventing ovulation D) inhibits the release of FSH and LH thereby preventing ovulation E) more than one of these is correct 13 A) just before ovulation B) just before sperm penetration C) after sperm penetration D) after cleavage has begun E) after implantation in the uterus 14 A) movement of the egg cytoplasm B) an increase in the levels of free intracellular Ca2+ ions in the egg C) an increase in protein synthesis and metabolic activity in the egg D) initiation of a block to polyspermy E) None of these are correct. 15 A) on the head of the sperm cell B) on the side of the egg cell opposite where the sperm penetrated C) on the part of the egg cell where the sperm penetrated D) in the middle of the yolk plug E) between the endoderm and ectoderm 16 A) fertilization, gastrulation, cleavage, organogenesis B) organogenesis, gastrulation, cleavage, fertilization C) fertilization, gastrulation, cleavage, organogenesis D) fertilization, cleavage, gastrulation, organogenesis 17 A) protein B) carbohydrate C) glycoprotein D) phospholipid 18 A) trophoblast B) ICM C) meroblast D) blastula 19 A) true B) false 20 A) filopodia B) lamellipodia C) microtubules D) desmosomes or adherens junctions 21 A) upon fertilization B) two days after fertilization C) during the second week after fertilization D) during the first week after fertilization
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