Biology (Raven), 10th Edition

Chapter 54: Behavioral Biology

Post-Test

1
Homing pigeons have the ability to detect the Earth's magnetic field and use it for orientation when flying under overcast conditions. What would you predict would happen if you fixed a small bar magnet on a pigeon's head and released it on a cloudy day?
A)It will fly off in the correct direction toward home.
B)It will fly off in exactly the opposite direction of home.
C)It will be unable to fly at all.
D)It will fly off in a random direction.
E)It is impossible to predict what will happen.
2
Signals used by animals for communication vary in their specificity. What type of signal is species specific?
A)pheromones between ant nests and food
B)courtship
C)alarm calls of mammals
D)alarm pheromones of honeybees
E)All choices are species specific.
3
Why do shore crabs tend to feed on intermediate sized mussels rather than on the largest ones?
A)They are unable to open the largest ones.
B)There are no large ones left as they are eaten by other predators.
C)This maximizes their net energy gain.
D)Only certain trace elements occur in the intermediate sized mussels.
E)It is a matter of chance; the intermediate sized mussels are the most common.
4
What was the source of the evolution of sexual dimorphism?
A)intrasexual selection
B)intersexual selection
C)sexual selection
D)differences in nutrition between the sexes
E)No choice is correct.
5
A woman marries, has child A and divorces. Then she marries again and has child B. What is the average genetic relatedness of children A and B?
A)0.75
B)0.25
C)0.50
D)0.375
E)No choice is correct.
6
Select the correct statement concerning the definition of ethology.
A)The study of the behaviors that form an animal's instincts.
B)The study of cognition and behavior.
C)The study of experience and behavior.
D)The study of how birds learn to sing.
E)All choices are correct.
7
What is the relative importance of genetics versus environment in human behavior?
A)genes dominate
B)environment dominates
C)genes and environment contribute equally
D)relative importance is not known
E)Genetics dominates in personality development; environment dominates in intellectual development.
8
What is the proper term for a decreased response to a repeated stimulus that has no positive or negative consequences?
A)learning
B)habituation
C)conditioning
D)association
E)No choice is correct.
9
As an animal matures it may form social attachments to other individuals that will affect its behavior later in life. What is the proper term for this process?
A)attachment behavior
B)instinct
C)imprinting
D)cognition
E)habituation
10
A chimpanzee devises a solution for reaching bananas that are initially out of reach. What is the proper name for this behavior?
A)instinctive behavior
B)cognitive behavior
C)conditioned behavior
D)associative behavior
E)operant behavior
11
Select attributes of animal migration.
A)two-way movements between distant sites
B)often large number of individuals involved
C)orientation
D)navigation
E)All choices are attributes.
12
Select signals that can be involved in animal communication.
A)pheromones
B)bodily movements
C)sound
D)light
E)All choices are signals involved in animal communication.
13
True or false: In general, insects are more altruistic than vertebrates.
A)true
B)false
14
What sorts of mates do females choose?
A)handicapped males
B)biggest males
C)oldest males
D)brightness of color
E)All choices ares correct.
15
Select a circumstance when altruism, which results in a cost (e.g. reduced reproductive success) for the altruist, is favored by natural selection.
A)It is never favored by natural selection; it represents a "mistake."
B)It is of benefit to the species as a whole.
C)When the sacrifice increases the propagation of the altruist's alleles.
D)When there is in fact no cost.
E)No choice is correct.
16
How are the societies of honeybees defined?
A)eusocial
B)reproductive division
C)cooperative care
D)overlap of generations
E)All choices are defining features.
17
What vertebrate society is organized like those of insects?
A)mole rats
B)rats
C)naked mole rats
D)rabbits
E)beavers
18
Whose name is closely associated with the study of operant conditioning?
A)Pavlov
B)Lorenz
C)Clark
D)Skinner
E)Haldane
19
True of false: Clark's nutcracker, a bird, can remember the locations of up to 2000 seed caches.
A)true
B)false
20
What is a correct description of a student receiving praise for a job well done?
A)classical conditioning
B)Pavlovian conditioning
C)operant conditioning
D)habituation
E)reward associative learning
21
What technique is used to relate specific brain regions to behaviors?
A)functional magnetic resonance imaging
B)drug experiments
C)disabled genes
D)learning exercises
E)eye movement monitoring
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