1.1 The Scope of Anatomy and Physiology

1			Listening to the natural sounds made by the body, such as heart and lung sounds, is called ________________.
			A)	physiology
			B)	palpitation
			C)	anatomy
			D)	auscultation
2			Histology is the study of ____________.
			A)	microscopic examination of tissue specimens
			B)	microscopic examination of tissues for signs of disease
			C)	the structure and function of individual cells
			D)	fine detail, down to the molecular level, revealed by the electron microscope

1.2 Origins of Biomedical Science

3			The early scientist who was the first to discover the role of the heart, arteries, and veins in blood circulation was
			A)	Avicenna.
			B)	Paracelsus.
			C)	Galen.
			D)	Aristotle.
			E)	Harvey.
4			Which scientist first observed cells under a microscope?
			A)	Harvey
			B)	Hooke
			C)	van Leeuwenhoek
			D)	Schleiden
			E)	Schwann

1.3 Scientific Method

5			In scientific research, understanding nature can be described as fact, theory, or a law of nature. Which of the following describes a level of knowledge that can be used to predict how matter and energy behave?
			A)	fact
			B)	theory
			C)	law of nature
6			Which kind of statement is intended to summarize what is already known, predict what might happen, and suggest directions for further study?
			A)	a statement of fact
			B)	a statement of theory
			C)	a statement of principle or law of nature
			D)	a hypothetical statement
7			Proper experimental design includes all of the following except
			A)	statistical treatment of the results.
			B)	a very small sample size to prevent random or chance results.
			C)	methods to prevent experimenter bias such as the double-blind method.
			D)	the control group receives similar treatment to that of the experimental group, except for the test variable.
8			If a scientist were to speculate about the causes of a phenomenon without any definitive proof, it would be a(n) ________________.
			A)	hypothesis
			B)	theory
			C)	law of nature
			D)	fact
			E)	double blind

1.4 Human Origins and Adaptations

9			Evolution can be defined as a change in genetic composition of a population of organisms. Which of the following terms describes the mechanism believed to be responsible for such changes?
			A)	selection pressures
			B)	natural selection
			C)	survival of the fittest
			D)	adaptations
10			During human evolution, humans have developed which of the following characteristics?
			A)	color and stereoscopic vision.
			B)	bepedalism.
			C)	prehensile hand.
			D)	All of the above.
11			Humans are differentiated from other primates because they have
			A)	a hollow nerve chord.
			B)	an internal skeleton.
			C)	endothermy.
			D)	opposable thumbs.
			E)	bipedalism.
12			The theory of evolution
			A)	is based on very little documented evidence.
			B)	is irrelevant to the study of modern physiology.
			C)	explains the slight variance in DNA structure between chimpanzees and humans.
			D)	does not relate to bacterial resistance.
			E)	predicts what new species will look like prior to their appearance on earth.

1.5 Human Structure

13			Situs inversus and horseshoe kidney are examples of
			A)	anatomical variation.
			B)	fatal diseases.
			C)	reductionism.
			D)	adaptations.
14			A mass of similar cells that forms a discrete region of our body is a(n) ___________.
			A)	cell
			B)	tissue
			C)	organ
			D)	system

1.6 Human Function

15			What part of a feedback loop processes information and determines an appropriate response?
			A)	receptor
			B)	effector
			C)	set point
			D)	integrator
16			If you become overheated, which of the following negative feedback mechanisms are used to lower your body temperature?
			A)	sweating and vasoconstriction of surface blood vessels
			B)	shivering and vasoconstriction of surface blood vessels
			C)	sweating and vasodilation of surface blood vessels
			D)	shivering and vasodilation of surface blood vessels
17			Development is a characteristic of life that involves ___________.
			A)	metabolism
			B)	excretion
			C)	differentiation
			D)	assimilation
			E)	reproduction
18			The tendency for the bodies of living things to maintain more or less stable internal conditions is called
			A)	the cell theory.
			B)	the set point.
			C)	positive feedback.
			D)	homeostasis.
			E)	dynamic equilibrium.
19			If your blood pressure started to rise very rapidly, a set of activities that your body would undertake to reverse this potentially dangerous condition would probably begin. The processes that would restore stability are called, collectively,
			A)	homeostasis.
			B)	negative feedback.
			C)	set point.
			D)	the cell theory.
			E)	positive feedback.

1.7 The Language of Medicine

20			A(n) ____________ is a term coined from the names of people whereas a(n) ___________ is a word composed of the first letter or first few letters of a series of words.
			A)	eponym; acronym
			B)	acronym; eponym
			C)	suffix; prefix
			D)	prefix; suffix