20.1 General Anatomy of the Blood Vessels

1			Blood vessels that connect two capillary networks are called
			A)	portal systems.
			B)	anastomoses.
			C)	arterial systems.
			D)	veins.
			E)	capillary plexuses.
2			The tissue layer of a vessel that differs most in thickness when comparing arteries and veins is the
			A)	tunica externa.
			B)	tunica adventitia.
			C)	tunica media.
			D)	tunica interna.
			E)	tunica intima.
3			These have the most control of perfusion of a capillary bed.
			A)	muscular arteries
			B)	precapillary sphincters
			C)	elastic arteries
			D)	sinusoids
			E)	fenestrated capillaries
4			These structures, present in medium-sized veins, prevent backflow of blood.
			A)	precapillary sphincters
			B)	venous tunica
			C)	skeletal muscles
			D)	fenestrations
			E)	venous valves

20.2 Blood Pressure, Resistance, and Flow

5			Pulse pressure equals the systolic pressure minus the diastolic pressure. Mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) equals the sum of the diastolic pressure plus one-third of the pulse pressure. What is the MABP in an individual with a blood pressure of 150/90?
			A)	110
			B)	120
			C)	130
			D)	150
6			The baroreceptors
			A)	transmit signals continually to the brainstem.
			B)	increase their signaling rate when the blood pressure rises.
			C)	excite the vagal nerves to the heart and dilate the arteries to lower BP.
			D)	All of the above.
7			All of these factors may increase peripheral resistance except
			A)	blood viscosity.
			B)	length of vessel.
			C)	radius of vessel.
			D)	blood type.
			E)	polycythemia.

20.3 Capillary Exchange

8			Reduced capillary reabsorption of fluid can lead to edema. Which of the following does not contribute to edema?
			A)	liver disease
			B)	dietary protein deficiency
			C)	extreme muscular activity
			D)	kidney diseases
9			The most important mechanism of exchange between blood and tissue fluid is ________________.
			A)	transcytosis
			B)	diffusion
			C)	filtration
			D)	active transport

20.4 Venous Return and Circulatory Shock

10			Which of the following types of low venous return (LVR) shock occurs when released histamine causes extensive generalized vasodilation?
			A)	anaphylactic shock
			B)	septic shock
			C)	hypovolemic shock
			D)	neurogenic shock
11			Venous pooling in a soldier standing at attention for a prolonged time occurs mainly when this mechanism fails.
			A)	cardiac suction
			B)	respiratory pump
			C)	skeletal muscle pump
			D)	gravity
			E)	pressure gradient
12			The venous return of blood back to the heart is encouraged by
			A)	constriction of veins in the legs.
			B)	a drop in internal pressure in the abdomen during inhalation.
			C)	relaxation of skeletal muscle.
			D)	gravity acting on the large veins above the heart.

20.7 Systemic Vessels of the Axial Region

13			This vein receives blood returning from all areas of the posterior thoracic wall before it empties into the superior vena cava.
			A)	azygos vein
			B)	right brachiocephalic vein
			C)	hemiazygos vein
			D)	accessory hemiazygous vein
			E)	right internal jugular vein
14			The right gonadal vein empties into the inferior vena cava. Where does the left gonadal vein empty?
			A)	It also empties into the inferior vena cava.
			B)	the left renal vein
			C)	the splenic vein
			D)	the inferior mesenteric vein
			E)	It empties into the right gonadal vein before it joins the inferior vena cava.
15			Which of the following is not one of the three major branches arising from the aortic arch?
			A)	brachiocephalic trunk
			B)	left common carotid artery
			C)	left subclavian artery
			D)	right common carotid artery
16			The internal carotid artery contributes blood directly to this circle of Willis artery.
			A)	basilar
			B)	vertebral
			C)	spinal
			D)	anterior cerebral
			E)	posterior cerebral
17			Blood flows to the liver from the superior mesenteric vein through the ____ vein.
			A)	hepatic
			B)	celiac
			C)	jugular
			D)	gastroepiploic
			E)	hepatic portal
18			Blood flowing from the dural sinus will eventually go through this vein immediately before continuing into the superior vena cava.
			A)	internal jugular
			B)	subclavian
			C)	vertebral
			D)	aorta
			E)	brachiocephalic
19			The right common carotid receives its blood from this artery directly.
			A)	right subclavian
			B)	brachiocephalic
			C)	aorta
			D)	right cerebral

20.8 Systemic Vessels of the Appendicular Region

20			The artery which is the continuation of the femoral artery after it passes to the posterior side of the thigh is the
			A)	posterior femoral.
			B)	posterior tibial.
			C)	popliteal.
			D)	peroneal.