29.1 Fertilization and the Preembryonic Stage

1			The initial depolarization of the egg membrane at fertilization is called the
			A)	fast block.
			B)	slow block.
			C)	hyaluronidase reaction.
			D)	capacitation reaction.
			E)	cortical reaction.
2			The slow block of polyspermy is associated with
			A)	an influx of sodium into the egg.
			B)	an efflux of calcium out of the egg.
			C)	acrosomal reaction.
			D)	cortical reaction.
3			Which of the following stages of embryonic development is a hollow sphere formed by a single, outer layer of squamous cells?
			A)	trophoblast
			B)	embryoblast
			C)	blastocyst (blastula)
			D)	blastomere
4			During implantation, the trophoblast separates into layers. The superficial layer in which the cells fuse into a multinucleate mass is called the
			A)	cytotrophoblast.
			B)	syncytiotrophoblast.
			C)	corpus luteum.
			D)	embryoblast.
5			This is the most correct sequence of development.
			A)	zygote --> morula --> blastocyst --> embryo --> fetus
			B)	morula --> zygote --> blastocyst --> embryo --> fetus
			C)	zygote --> morula --> embryo --> blastocyst --> fetus
			D)	morula --> blastocyst --> zygote --> embryo --> fetus
			E)	blastocyst --> embryo --> placenta -->morula --> fetus

29.2 The Embryonic and Fetal Stages

6			Which of the following produces the first blood cells and future gametes?
			A)	amnion
			B)	chorion
			C)	allantois
			D)	yolk sac
7			The shunt that diverts most of the blood past the fetal lungs by connecting the pulmonary trunk to the aorta is called the
			A)	ductus venosus.
			B)	foramen ovale.
			C)	ductus arteriosus.
			D)	umbilical arteries.
8			The only source of fetal nutrition during the second and third trimesters is ________________.
			A)	trophoblastic
			B)	placental
			C)	uterine milk
			D)	chorionic
9			From the umbilical vein, blood is shunted through the liver by way of the ________________.
			A)	ductus arteriosus
			B)	foramen ovale
			C)	ductus venosus
			D)	umbilical arteries
10			The circulatory shunt around the liver becomes the _____ in the adult.
			A)	ligamentum arteriosum
			B)	medial umbilical ligament
			C)	round ligament
			D)	ligamentum venosum

29.3 The Neonate

11			Incomplete liver development in a premature infant causes all of the following except
			A)	hypoproteinemia.
			B)	ineffective thermoregulation.
			C)	clotting disorders.
			D)	jaundice.
12			This type of chemical can cross through the placental barrier from the maternal circulation and cause anatomical defects.
			A)	HIV
			B)	teratogen
			C)	vitamin E
			D)	albumin
			E)	folic acid
13			A person with this aneuploidy will have Klinefelter syndrome.
			A)	XX
			B)	XXY
			C)	XYY
			D)	trisomy 18
14			Which of the following is not an example of a teratogen?
			A)	virus
			B)	pesticides
			C)	alcohol
			D)	cigarette smoking
			E)	All of the above are examples of teratogens.
15			A short person having one palmer crease, a protruding tongue, and mental retardation may have this aneuploidy.
			A)	XXY
			B)	XYY
			C)	trisomy 18
			D)	trisomy 21

29.4 Aging and Senescence

16			Intrinsic aging of the skin includes all of the following except
			A)	atrophy of the sebaceous glands.
			B)	decrease in collagen and elastic fibers in the dermis.
			C)	decreased cutaneous nerve endings.
			D)	age spots.
17			Which of the following is not a trend as a person gets older?
			A)	reduced brain mass
			B)	lower glomerular filtration rate
			C)	fewer red blood cells produced
			D)	vital capacity falls
18			Which of the following is not a cause of impotence in men?
			A)	atherosclerosis
			B)	hypertension
			C)	medication
			D)	psychological reasons
			E)	All of the above can contribute to impotence in men.
19			Which organ system ages the slowest?
			A)	respiratory
			B)	integumentary
			C)	endocrine
			D)	nervous
20			The kidneys of a 90 year old will be what percent smaller than those of a 30 year old?
			A)	10 to 20%
			B)	20 to 30%
			C)	20 to 40%
			D)	80 to 90%