| Chapter Outline (See related pages)
I. Population Catastrophes- Demographic Decline
- Plague
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| | | II. Economic Depression and Recovery- Agricultural Specialization
- Protectionism
- Technological Advances
- The Standard of Living
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| | | III. Popular Unrest- Rural Revolts
- Urban Revolts
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| | | IV. Challenges to the Governments of Europe- Roots of Political Unrest
- England, France, and the Hundred Years' War
- The Tides of Battle
- The Effects of the Hundred Years' War
- The States of Italy
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| | | V. The Fall of Byzantium and the Ottoman Empire- The Fall of Constantinople
- The Ottoman Empire
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