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| 1 | |
Between 1300 and 1450, famines and plague reduced the number of people in Europe by |
| | A) | about 10%. |
| | B) | about one in four. |
| | C) | about 1/3. |
| | D) | one-half to two-thirds. |
| | E) | about 80%. |
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| 2 | |
The plague had all of the following effects EXCEPT |
| | A) | people afflicted by it bled from the nose or got large tumors and purple spots all over their bodies. |
| | B) | it swept through communities like fire through dry tinder. |
| | C) | it caused people to shun the families of the sick and refugees from afflicted communities. |
| | D) | it inspired European doctors to make major strides in medicine as they sought a cure. |
| | E) | it had a powerfully detrimental effect on European trade. |
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| 3 | |
The famines that afflicted fourteenth and fifteenth century Europe resulted from all of the following EXCEPT |
| | A) | enclosure, which caused cropland to be used for sheep-raising. |
| | B) | overpopulation, which caused people to depend on poor land. |
| | C) | excessive rainfall, which caused crops to rot in the fields. |
| | D) | lack of infrastructure, which meant that relief could not get to the starving. |
| | E) | pirate raids on food supplies. |
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| 4 | |
The initial response of governments to the economic disruption following the Black Death was to |
| | A) | subsidize technological innovation to adapt to the new reality of high wages. |
| | B) | pass laws at the expense of the lower classes in order to bolster the upper classes. |
| | C) | encourage merchants and aristocrats to accept the inevitability of the new situation. |
| | D) | embark on foreign wars in order to take by force what could no longer be bought. |
| | E) | quarantine the sick in an effort to stem the epidemic. |
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| 5 | |
The labor shortage caused all of the following changes in the status of European peasants EXCEPT |
| | A) | formerly enserfed peasants in England gained their freedom. |
| | B) | formerly free peasants in Eastern Europe were enserfed. |
| | C) | some elements of serfdom were reimposed on the peasants in France, Italy, and western Germany. |
| | D) | most, but not all, of the elements of serfdom were abandoned in Catalonia. |
| | E) | some were able to demand higher wages for their labor. |
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| 6 | |
All of the following technological advances occurred in the period after the Black Death EXCEPT |
| | A) | new weapons like the crossbow and long bow. |
| | B) | techniques for making deeper mines. |
| | C) | more efficient methods of metalworking. |
| | D) | the rise of clockmaking and printing industries. |
| | E) | invention of the astrolabe. |
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| 7 | |
By the late fifteenth century the standard of living was generally |
| | A) | falling, because there were not enough people to do all the work that needed to be done. |
| | B) | rising, because the labor shortage caused wage and price rises that benefited everyone substantially. |
| | C) | falling, because the damage done by the famines, plagues, and wars could not be made good. |
| | D) | rising, because the process of adapting to the economic dislocations resulted in greater efficiency. |
| | E) | stagnant, having already hit rock-bottom. |
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| 8 | |
Peasant revolts occurred after the Black Death because |
| | A) | the peasants were so impoverished that they were desperate. |
| | B) | the peasants were upset that their burdens were increasing rather than decreasing. |
| | C) | the peasants saw that the upper classes were so depleted that this was their chance to be rid of them. |
| | D) | the peasants wanted revenge because they blamed the aristocrats for the plague. |
| | E) | the peasants were driven mad with fever and sought revenge against elites. |
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| 9 | |
The Florentine workers who rebelled in 1378 wanted |
| | A) | steady work, secure wages, and representation in government. |
| | B) | control of the city's government and major industries. |
| | C) | land that they could farm so they could leave the squalid city slums. |
| | D) | to seize the wealth of the rich and distribute it to the poor. |
| | E) | to establish a worker's commune. |
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| 10 | |
Popular revolts generally failed because |
| | A) | the rebels would fall out among themselves before they could achieve success. |
| | B) | the rebels' violence would alienate the majority of people, who then welcomed the restoration of order. |
| | C) | the upper classes would make agreements when in danger, but renounce them once the danger had passed. |
| | D) | the majority of people were content with their lot and would refuse to support the rebels. |
| | E) | the rebels did not have the weapons necessary to make a serious challenge for power. |
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| 11 | |
The roots of political unrest included all of the following EXCEPT |
| | A) | dynastic instability caused by the high death rate, which increased succession disputes. |
| | B) | religious disputes caused by the increased piety of the people, including kings and aristocrats. |
| | C) | changes in warfare that made it more expensive, leading governments to increase taxes. |
| | D) | constitutional struggles between kings and representative assemblies. |
| | E) | the use of mercenaries loosened feudal ties between lord and vassal. |
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| 12 | |
Nobles enjoyed all of the following privileges EXCEPT |
| | A) | exemption from most taxes. |
| | B) | immunity from judicial torture. |
| | C) | hunting rights. |
| | D) | they were counselors to the king. |
| | E) | guaranteed incomes. |
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| 13 | |
The most important cause of the Hundred Years' War was |
| | A) | Edward III's claim to the French crown. |
| | B) | French harassment of English merchants. |
| | C) | the status of England's territories in France. |
| | D) | the English threat to Flanders' wool industry. |
| | E) | that status of France's territories in England. |
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| 14 | |
The course of the Hundred Years' War was influenced by all of the following EXCEPT |
| | A) | the battlefield superiority of English archers. |
| | B) | France's size and resources. |
| | C) | the inability of either side to gain decisive advantage. |
| | D) | the impact of the plague which interrupted the war. |
| | E) | the strength of a series of French kings. |
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| 15 | |
Joan of Arc's primary effect on the Hundred Years' War was |
| | A) | the qualms English soldiers had about fighting a saint. |
| | B) | the popular support she generated for the king. |
| | C) | her use of witchcraft to defeat the English. |
| | D) | her ability to formulate and execute a long-term strategy. |
| | E) | a strategic vision lacking in the other French commanders. |
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| 16 | |
The Hundred Years' War had all of the following effects EXCEPT |
| | A) | it established the English parliament's extensive rights to participate in government. |
| | B) | it established the French monarchy's right to collect taxes without consent of the Estates. |
| | C) | it reinforced England's insular character and maritime orientation by removing it from the continent. |
| | D) | it left France in a position to dominate the rest of Europe because of its wealth and standing army. |
| | E) | it stimulated the development of firearms and the technologies needed to manufacture them. |
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| 17 | |
Which of the following was NOT a city-state in northern Italy? |
| | A) | Milan, a manufacturing center ruled by a despot |
| | B) | Venice, a trading center ruled by the leading families |
| | C) | Florence, a financial center ruled by a boss |
| | D) | Naples, an agricultural center ruled by a king |
| | E) | Genoa, an important port on the Mediterranean |
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| 18 | |
The purpose of Cosimo de Medici's alliance system was to |
| | A) | maintain peace through a balance of power. |
| | B) | establish Florentine hegemony in Italy. |
| | C) | cripple Venetian power once and for all. |
| | D) | keep the French out of Italian politics. |
| | E) | isolate Venetian power. |
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| 19 | |
The Fall of Constantinople |
| | A) | opened the Balkans to Ottoman invasion. |
| | B) | disrupted the flow of trade between East and West. |
| | C) | provoked a sudden exodus of scholars to Italy. |
| | D) | psychologically shocked the Christian world. |
| | E) | opened Asia to European trade. |
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| 20 | |
All of the following were true of the Ottoman Empire EXCEPT |
| | A) | it conquered vast territories. |
| | B) | it enjoyed great richness. |
| | C) | it persecuted Christianity. |
| | D) | it lasted over 500 years. |
| | E) | it dominated the Middle East. |
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