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| 1 | |
All of the following were true of Europe's population growth in the sixteenth century EXCEPT |
| | A) | the overall population increased by approximately 50%. |
| | B) | cities grew faster than the overall population. |
| | C) | it made wheat five times more expensive. |
| | D) | it caused the decline of the wool trade as pastures became cropland. |
| | E) | high wheat prices sparked the first enclosures of land in England. |
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| 2 | |
Europe's economic expansion was fueled by all of the following EXCEPT |
| | A) | increased demand because of the increased population. |
| | B) | government's stabilizing influence on the financial markets. |
| | C) | huge imports of silver from America. |
| | D) | increasing focus on accumulation of capital for its own sake. |
| | E) | the emergence of new kinds of businesses. |
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| 3 | |
Which of the following business concepts originated during this period? |
| | A) | the business firm as an entity independent of its owner. |
| | B) | payment of debts through notes rather than coin. |
| | C) | the role of banks as repositories of savings and sources of loans. |
| | D) | taking of great risks in hopes of great gains and reinvesting profits. |
| | E) | the idea of "survival of the fittest" in the marketplace. |
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| 4 | |
During the sixteenth century, all of the following followed from the commercial revolution EXCEPT |
| | A) | large numbers of peasants lost their land and became beggars. |
| | B) | destitute vagrants floated across the countryside and filled the towns. |
| | C) | private charity was rapidly mobilized and proved sufficient to solve the problem. |
| | D) | widespread poverty, crime, and disorder became chronic features of town and country life. |
| | E) | large landowners began to enclose their lands. |
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| 5 | |
The most widely shared motivation behind the voyages of exploration and conquest was |
| | A) | the desire to spread Christianity. |
| | B) | to test new sailing technologies. |
| | C) | the desire to explore the unknown. |
| | D) | the hope of finding a lost Christian land. |
| | E) | the lure of riches. |
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| 6 | |
The Portuguese empire was all of the following EXCEPT |
| | A) | based on carrying goods by sea around Africa between Europe and the civilizations of the Indian Ocean. |
| | B) | created and sustained by the superior fighting power of Portugal's cannon-armed ships. |
| | C) | made up of small enclaves along the coasts in Africa and the Indian Ocean basin. |
| | D) | welcomed by the South Asians as a new source of wealth that would benefit everyone. |
| | E) | an attempt to find better agricultural opportunities for their inhospitable land. |
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| 7 | |
The Spanish empire was all of the following EXCEPT |
| | A) | based on extracting wealth by slave labor from America and shipping it to Europe. |
| | B) | created and sustained by the Europeans' military superiority, ruthless ambition, and greater sophistication. |
| | C) | made up of extensive territories on both the North and South American continents. |
| | D) | established almost bloodlessly and maintained with minimal disruption of the Native Americans' lives. |
| | E) | responsible for the death of millions of natives. |
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| 8 | |
The Europeans needed to bring black African slaves to America because |
| | A) | there were very few Native Americans to begin with. |
| | B) | Africans were more docile workers than the Native Americans. |
| | C) | the Europeans massacred most of the Native Americans when conquering them. |
| | D) | millions of Native Americans died from disease and mistreatment after they were conquered. |
| | E) | of a negotiated settlement with west African leaders. |
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| 9 | |
Exploration and colonization brought all of the following benefits to Europe EXCEPT |
| | A) | the Portuguese got the profits from trade between Europe and the East that had gone mainly to Muslims. |
| | B) | the Spanish financed a century of predominance in Europe largely with American silver. |
| | C) | the rest of Europe enjoyed plentiful currency, which facilitated economic growth. |
| | D) | economic expansion alleviated the poverty of Europe's lower classes. |
| | E) | new agricultural products that were transplanted to the European continent. |
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| 10 | |
The most important "new" monarchs resided in |
| | A) | Portugal, Spain, and England. |
| | B) | England, France, and Spain. |
| | C) | France, Spain, and Italy. |
| | D) | Spain, England, and Italy. |
| | E) | Italy, France, and England. |
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| 11 | |
Henry VII and Henry VIII were similar in their |
| | A) | greater interest in domestic than foreign affairs |
| | B) | flamboyant, expansive personalities. |
| | C) | desire to reform religion. |
| | D) | inability to manage the affairs of the government. |
| | E) | prowess on the battlefield. |
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| 12 | |
At the end of the Hundred Years' War, the key to the French monarchy's power was its |
| | A) | control over tax rates. |
| | B) | standing army. |
| | C) | streamlined administration. |
| | D) | control over outlying provinces. |
| | E) | control over the Catholic Church within its borders. |
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| 13 | |
Louis XI's most notable achievement was |
| | A) | the destruction of Burgundy. |
| | B) | the invasion of Italy. |
| | C) | getting control of major Church appointments. |
| | D) | curbing expenditures on the army. |
| | E) | the expulsion of England from French soil. |
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| 14 | |
Which of the following Valois kings accomplished the most during his reign? |
| | A) | Charles VIII |
| | B) | Louis XII |
| | C) | Louis XI |
| | D) | Henri II |
| | E) | Francis I |
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| 15 | |
Ferdinand and Isabella followed all of the following policies while uniting Spain EXCEPT |
| | A) | reducing the role of great nobles while recruiting the hidalgos, or lesser nobility, into their administration. |
| | B) | gaining control of appointments to high Church offices in territory taken from the Muslims. |
| | C) | using viceroys to create a uniform administration in all parts of the realm. |
| | D) | persecuting Jews and converted Muslims in order to gain popularity and authority. |
| | E) | marrying in order to unite Aragon and Castile. |
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| 16 | |
The Holy Roman Emperor Charles V also ruled all of the following territories EXCEPT |
| | A) | Spain and its American empire. |
| | B) | much of Italy. |
| | C) | Sicily, Sardinia, and western Hungary. |
| | D) | France and England. |
| | E) | the Indies and the Low Countries. |
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| 17 | |
The main locus of power in the Holy Roman Empire was |
| | A) | the Emperor's court. |
| | B) | the Imperial Diet. |
| | C) | the princes. |
| | D) | the imperial cities. |
| | E) | Vatican City. |
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| 18 | |
The nobles of Hungary did all of the following EXCEPT |
| | A) | refuse to finance the monarchy's standing army. |
| | B) | impose serfdom on the peasants. |
| | C) | give up their German lands to gain Habsburg support. |
| | D) | support the Ottoman Empire. |
| | E) | destroy any institutional apparatus that might have allowed greater central authority in the kingdom. |
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| 19 | |
The Italian wars highlighted |
| | A) | the effectiveness of balance of power diplomacy. |
| | B) | the weakness of city-states relative to national states. |
| | C) | the Italians' military as well as economic and cultural superiority. |
| | D) | the flaws in the republican governments of Venice and Florence. |
| | E) | the doomed democratic revolutionary forces on the European continent. |
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| 20 | |
The essential innovation of Italian diplomacy was |
| | A) | the formal protocol of international relations. |
| | B) | the political analysis. |
| | C) | the resident ambassador. |
| | D) | diplomatic immunities. |
| | E) | force of arms. |
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