| Chapter Outline (See related pages)
I. Economic Transformations- The Second Industrial Revolution
- The Demographic Change
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| | | II. Understandings of Nature and Society- The Conquests of Science
- Social Science and Ideas of Progress
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| | | III. The Belle Époque- The Culture of Capitalism
- "The Woman Question"
- Artistic Modernism
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| | | IV. Attacks on Liberal Civilization- Working-Class Movements
- Gender Wars in the Fin De Siecle
- The Christian Critique
- Beyond Reason
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| | | V. Domestic Politics- Common Problems
- Germany: The Reich
- Italy: The Liberal Monarchy
- Russia: Defeat and Revolution
- Austria-Hungary: The Delicate Balance
- Spain: Instability and Loss of Empire
- Great Britain: Edging Toward Democracy
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