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| 1 | |
Hitler's peaceful diplomatic successes in the two years leading up to the war included |
| | A) | the Anschluss, or annexation, of Austria, which had long been a goal of German nationalists. |
| | B) | the annexation of the Sudetenland, the ethnically German border region of Czechoslovakia. |
| | C) | the occupation of Czechoslovakia and part of Lithuania, despite the fact that neither had German ethnics. |
| | D) | the reabsorption of Danzig, the German city that had been made independent to give Poland a port. |
| | E) | the reabsorption of Alsace Lorraine which the French had controlled since the end of the First World War. |
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| 2 | |
Britain and France tried to appease rather than resist Germany for all of the following reasons EXCEPT |
| | A) | they had no way of knowing that Hitler glorified war and hoped to create a new German empire. |
| | B) | they hoped that if Germany's "legitimate" complaints were satisfied, Hitler would be satisfied. |
| | C) | they feared another war, remembering the carnage of World War I. |
| | D) | they needed time to rearm, in case worse came to worst. |
| | E) | they believed that fighting with Germany over Czech sovereignty wasn't worth the risk. |
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| 3 | |
Stalin concluded an alliance with Hitler because |
| | A) | he was an unscrupulous dictator. |
| | B) | Britain and France had put him off. |
| | C) | he was a crafty communist. |
| | D) | it was part of his long-term plan to conquer the world. |
| | E) | he feared hostilities with Japan in the east and hoped to avoid a two-front war. |
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| 4 | |
In the first two years of war, Germany overran all of the following EXCEPT |
| | A) | Poland. |
| | B) | Denmark and Norway. |
| | C) | Holland, and Belgium. |
| | D) | France. |
| | E) | Yugoslavia, Greece, Crete, and the Soviet Union. |
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| 5 | |
The German victories were based on "blitzkrieg" tactics, which involved |
| | A) | a terrible new Teutonic force. |
| | B) | the use of tanks supported by aircraft to drive deep behind enemy lines. |
| | C) | a totalitarian achievement other societies could not equal. |
| | D) | the use of futuristic "lightning" machines that panicked enemy soldiers. |
| | E) | a belief that Allied commanders were inferior. |
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| 6 | |
The Battle of Britain was important for all of the following reasons EXCEPT |
| | A) | it was the first battle fought entirely between air forces. |
| | B) | it showed that nations were incredibly vulnerable to air attack. |
| | C) | it preserved England as a base for an eventual counteroffensive. |
| | D) | it encouraged Hitler to move east, where he met his doom. |
| | E) | it unified the British people in defiance against German aggression. |
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| 7 | |
The tide of war turned for all of the following reasons EXCEPT |
| | A) | the Japanese attack on the United States brought the world's strongest economy into the Allied coalition. |
| | B) | the Russian victory at Stalingrad cost Germany over 300,000 troops, a loss the they could not afford. |
| | C) | the British and Americans quickly mounted an attack into northern France to help the Russians. |
| | D) | British and American victories in North Africa started the Allied powers on the road to victory. |
| | E) | the accuracy of American strategic bombing. |
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| 8 | |
All of the following states effectively mobilized their people and economies for total war EXCEPT |
| | A) | Japan. |
| | B) | Britain. |
| | C) | the United States. |
| | D) | the Soviet Union. |
| | E) | Germany. |
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| 9 | |
At the height of "production" the death factory at the concentration camp Auschwitz was killing |
| | A) | 1,200 people per week. |
| | B) | 12,000 people per week. |
| | C) | 1,200 people per day. |
| | D) | 12,000 people per day. |
| | E) | 120 people per day. |
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| 10 | |
All of the following were divisive issues in forging Allied strategy EXCEPT |
| | A) | the "Europe first" policy. |
| | B) | when to open the "second front." |
| | C) | who would have how much say in creating new governments like Italy and Poland. |
| | D) | the relationship between the Allies, de Gaulle's Free French, and Vichy officials. |
| | E) | the tense relationship between Britain and the US on the one hand and the Soviet Union on the other. |
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| 11 | |
The Allied counter-attack included all of the following offensives EXCEPT |
| | A) | a sustained, two-year set of attacks by the Soviets along the breadth of the Eastern Front. |
| | B) | Anglo-American attacks on Sicily and then Italy, which brought down Mussolini's government. |
| | C) | an Anglo-American amphibious assault across the English Channel and then to Paris and the Rhine. |
| | D) | an Anglo-Russian offensive in the Balkans that drove the Germans up the Danube Valley into Austria. |
| | E) | a sustained air campaign against German strategic centers. |
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| 12 | |
The Yalta conference in February 1945 successfully worked out all of the following EXCEPT |
| | A) | the decision to create and the basic structure of the United Nations. |
| | B) | the way governments would be set up in liberated countries. |
| | C) | the entry of the Soviet Union into the war against Japan. |
| | D) | the status of France in the occupation of Germany. |
| | E) | the form of Italy's postwar government and De Gaulle's ascendance in France. |
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| 13 | |
The devastation of the war in Europe included all of the following EXCEPT |
| | A) | the war killed approximately 50,000,000 people. |
| | B) | Europe's industrial production was half of what it had been in 1939. |
| | C) | 60,000,000 Europeans were refugees at the end of the war. |
| | D) | atom bombs had wiped out entire cities, leaving them heaps of rubble. |
| | E) | 4 million men died on the battlefields. |
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| 14 | |
All of the following were imposed on Germany EXCEPT |
| | A) | it was divided into four occupation zones. |
| | B) | it was saddled with a huge reparations debt. |
| | C) | its leaders were put on trial for war crimes. |
| | D) | its eastern border was adjusted to the west. |
| | E) | abolished all Nazi institutions. |
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| 15 | |
The Allies created all of the following international agencies to help maintain peace EXCEPT |
| | A) | the United Nations Organization, to provide relief and, if necessary, keep the peace with armed force. |
| | B) | Amnesty International, to keep track of the human rights abuses that had characterized the Axis. |
| | C) | the International Monetary Fund, to keep currencies stable. |
| | D) | the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, which later became the World Bank. |
| | E) | the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration in 1943 to organize food and medical relief. |
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| 16 | |
The new regimes were characterized in all of the following ways EXCEPT |
| | A) | Western European countries re-established parliamentary regimes. |
| | B) | Eastern European countries established governments and economies modeled on the Soviet Union. |
| | C) | Germany re-established the Weimar Republic based on its old constitution. |
| | D) | England went through a profound transformation under a socialist Labor government. |
| | E) | Yugoslavia managed to resist economic and political pressure from both East and West to take an independent course. |
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| 17 | |
The early Cold War involved all of the following events in Europe EXCEPT |
| | A) | the Berlin Airlift. |
| | B) | the Greek rebellion. |
| | C) | the Marshall Plan. |
| | D) | the Korean War. |
| | E) | the exclusion of communists from coalition governments in France and Italy. |
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| 18 | |
Early colonial losses after World War II included all of the following EXCEPT |
| | A) | Britain gave up control of India and Pakistan. |
| | B) | Holland lost control of Indonesia. |
| | C) | France was defeated by rebels in Vietnam and Algeria. |
| | D) | Germany lost Togo and Cameroon. |
| | E) | Britain gave up control of Malaysia. |
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| 19 | |
Decolonization had the effect of |
| | A) | replacing European with Soviet and American control. |
| | B) | replacing direct control with indirect influence. |
| | C) | ending outside interference in the newly established states. |
| | D) | ending internal and external conflicts involving the former colonies. |
| | E) | transferring European influence in the developing world to the United States. |
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| 20 | |
In 1952, the combined Gross National Product (GNP) of the OEEC countries was |
| | A) | 50 percent of 1938. |
| | B) | equal to 1938. |
| | C) | one and one half times 1938. |
| | D) | double 1938. |
| | E) | one-third of 1938. |
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