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| 1 | |
Which of the following accurately represents the Central Dogma of molecular biology? |
| | A) | DNA is translated into protein, which is then transcribed into RNA. |
| | B) | RNA is transcribed into DNA, which is then translated into protein. |
| | C) | DNA is translated directly into protein. |
| | D) | RNA is translated into protein, which is then transcribed into DNA. |
| | E) | DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein. |
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| 2 | |
True or False: Structural genes result in polypeptides of a specific sequence that carry out a specific function for the organisms in addition to RNA molecules with specific functions. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 3 | |
Which of the following does not play a role in transcription in prokaryotes? |
| | A) | Sigma factor |
| | B) | Pre-mRNA processing |
| | C) | Formation of open complex |
| | D) | Termination sequence |
| | E) | Regulatory sequence |
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| 4 | |
The relationship between the bases in a messenger RNA molecule and the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide is specified by |
| | A) | a ribosome. |
| | B) | the genetic code. |
| | C) | codons. |
| | D) | RNA polymerases. |
| | E) | DNA polymerases. |
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| 5 | |
Which of the following molecules is not directly involved in the synthesis of a polypeptide chain? |
| | A) | mRNA |
| | B) | ribosomal proteins |
| | C) | tRNA |
| | D) | rRNA |
| | E) | DNA |
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| 6 | |
True or False: The attachment of amino acids to tRNA molecules is catalyzed by Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 7 | |
Which of the following is/are not modifications to Beadle and Tatum's one gene one enzyme hypothesis? |
| | A) | Proteins that are not biological catalysts are also coded for by genes. |
| | B) | Genes encode individual polypeptide chains, but some functional proteins are composed of more than one polypeptide chain. |
| | C) | Some enzymes are lipid molecules, which are not coded for by genes. |
| | D) | Some genes encode RNA molecules |
| | E) | None of these choices are modifications to the one gene, one enzyme hypothesis. |
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| 8 | |
Which of the following applies to both transcription and translation? |
| | A) | Promoter and terminator |
| | B) | Initiation complex and open complex |
| | C) | Activation, regulation and termination |
| | D) | Initiation, elongations and termination |
| | E) | Activation, processing and termination |
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| 9 | |
An organized unit of DNA sequences that enables a segment of DNA to be transcribed into RNA and ultimately results in the formation of a biologically functional product is most accurately referred to as a(n) |
| | A) | gene. |
| | B) | chromosome. |
| | C) | enzyme. |
| | D) | genome. |
| | E) | snRNP. |
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| 10 | |
Match the type of RNA on the left with the specific function on the right.
| I tRNA | A. Carries polypeptide sequence according to genetic code | | II mRNA | B. Essential component in ribosome construction and function | | III rRNA | C. Carries amino acids to growing polypeptide according to genetic code |
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| | A) | i = b; ii = c; iii = a |
| | B) | i = a; ii = b; iii = c |
| | C) | i = c; ii = b; iii = a |
| | D) | i = b; ii = a; iii = c |
| | E) | i = c; ii = a; iii = b |
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| 11 | |
In bacteria, proteins called ________ recognize the sequence of bases in a promoter; in eukaryotes, proteins called ________ serve this function. |
| | A) | transcription factors; sigma factors |
| | B) | initiation factors; elongation factors |
| | C) | transcription factors; initiation factors |
| | D) | sigma factors; snRNPs |
| | E) | sigma factors; transcription factors |
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| 12 | |
True or False: Synthesis of an mRNA strand begins at the promoter in a 5' to 3' direction while the template strand of DNA is read in the 3' to 5' direction. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 13 | |
An RNA molecule that has catalytic activity is most accurately referred to as a(n) |
| | A) | RNase. |
| | B) | enzyme. |
| | C) | spliceosome. |
| | D) | ribozyme. |
| | E) | ribosome. |
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| 14 | |
Which of the following codons does not specify Leucine (Leu)? |
| | A) | UUG |
| | B) | CUA |
| | C) | CUG |
| | D) | UUC |
| | E) | CUC |
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| 15 | |
The genetic code is both ________ and ________. |
| | A) | conservative; dispersive |
| | B) | ambiguous; degenerate |
| | C) | degenerate; quadruplicate |
| | D) | universal; degenerate |
| | E) | universal; ambiguous |
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| 16 | |
The addition of an amino acid to a tRNA molecule is catalyzed by a(n) ________, and is driven by ________. |
| | A) | peptidyl transferase; ATP |
| | B) | aminoacyl tRNA synthetase; GTP aminoacyl |
| | C) | peptidyl transferase; GTP |
| | D) | tRNA synthetase; ATP |
| | E) | aminoacyl tRNA synthetase; hydrolysis of the amino acid from a polypeptide chain. |
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| 17 | |
Which one of the following rRNA molecules would not be found in a cytosolic eukaryotic ribosome? |
| | A) | 60S |
| | B) | 5S |
| | C) | 16S |
| | D) | 18S |
| | E) | 28S |
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| 18 | |
True or False: The tRNA that is complementary base paired to the initial start codon is required for full ribosome assemble of the small and large subunits. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 19 | |
Choose the correct sequence of events during the termination stage of a polypeptide?
| I. Peptidyl transfer reaction in P site | | II. Disassociation of ribosome, mRNA and release factor | | III. Release factor binds to A site complementary to stop codon | | IV. tRNA enters A site complementary to mRNA sequence | | V. tRNA released through exit site | | VI. Polypeptide released from ribosome |
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| | A) | III IV V |
| | B) | I II IV |
| | C) | VI III II |
| | D) | III VI II |
| | E) | IV VI I |
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| 20 | |
The last amino acid added in a polypeptide chain is said to be at the ________ of the protein. |
| | A) | 5' end |
| | B) | 3' end |
| | C) | N terminus |
| | D) | C terminus |
| | E) | 60S side |
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