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| 1 | |
Which of the following has forms of genetic material can be found in viruses? |
| | A) | Double stranded DNA |
| | B) | Single stranded DNA |
| | C) | Single stranded RNA |
| | D) | Double stranded DNA and single stranded RNA |
| | E) | Double stranded DNA, single stranded DNA, and single stranded RNA |
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| 2 | |
All viruses have a protein coat called a(n) ________, and some viruses have an additional "covering" called a(n) ________. |
| | A) | inner membrane; outer membrane |
| | B) | shell; cortex |
| | C) | cell wall; plasma membrane |
| | D) | envelope; capsid |
| | E) | capsid; envelope |
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| 3 | |
Which of the following statements about bacterial genomes is correct? |
| | A) | Bacterial genomes are typically linear double-stranded DNA molecules. |
| | B) | Some bacterial species have multiple copies of their genomes in their nucleus. |
| | C) | Replication of bacterial genomes is initiated from a single origin of replication. |
| | D) | Bacterial chromosomes are located in the nucleus |
| | E) | Bacterial genomes do not contain short repetitive sequences. |
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| 4 | |
Which of the following is a method of packing DNA into a bacterial cell? |
| | A) | Formation of loop domains |
| | B) | Supercoiling |
| | C) | Wrapping around histone proteins |
| | D) | Formation of loop domains and supercoiling |
| | E) | Formation of loop domains, supercoiling, and wrapping around histone proteins |
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| 5 | |
Which of the following statements about plasmids is incorrect? |
| | A) | Some plasmids approach can carry hundreds of genes. |
| | B) | Replication of plasmid DNA is initiated from the origin of replication on the bacterial chromosome. |
| | C) | Plasmids are typically essential for survival in wild-type conditions. |
| | D) | Plasmids confer selective advantage on the cells carrying them. |
| | E) | A plasmid that carries genes for proteins that destroy other bacteria are accurately referred to as a col-plasmid. |
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| 6 | |
True or False: Phages are a form of virus that infect bacteria. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 7 | |
Which of the following is not a key category of plasmids? |
| | A) | Degradative |
| | B) | Resistance |
| | C) | Fertility |
| | D) | Defensive |
| | E) | Virulence |
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| 8 | |
Bacterial cells that are capable of acting as conjugation donor cells possess a(n) ________, which recipient cells do not possess. |
| | A) | F factor |
| | B) | R factor |
| | C) | nucleoid |
| | D) | cell wall |
| | E) | capsid |
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| 9 | |
During ____________________, direct contact is made between bacterial cells in order to transfer genetic material, whereas during _________________ genetic material is taken up directly from the surrounding environment. |
| | A) | transformation : transduction. |
| | B) | conjugation : transformation |
| | C) | transformation : conjugation |
| | D) | conjugation : transduction |
| | E) | transduction: conjugation |
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| 10 | |
Which of the following is not an example of horizontal gene transfer? |
| | A) | Transformation |
| | B) | Conjugation |
| | C) | Transduction |
| | D) | Vertical gene transfer |
| | E) | All of the choices are examples of horizontal gene transfer. |
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| 11 | |
True or False: Viroids depend entirely on host cell enzymes for replication. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 12 | |
Arrange the following steps in a viral reproductive cycle in order from first to last.
I Integration
II Synthesis
III Assembly
IV Attachment
V Release
VI Entry |
| | A) | IV; III; I; II; V; VI |
| | B) | IV, VI; I; II; III; I |
| | C) | VI; IV, II; I; III; V |
| | D) | V; II; VI; I; IV; III |
| | E) | II; I; VI; III; IV; V |
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| 13 | |
True or False: Temperate phages are able to incorporate their genetic material into the host cell genome and virulent phages cannot. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 14 | |
DNA produced by a virus by reverse transcriptase and is then integrated into the hosts DNA is most accurately described as a/an |
| | A) | phage. |
| | B) | viroid. |
| | C) | prophage. |
| | D) | provirus. |
| | E) | plasmid. |
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| 15 | |
True or False: Temperate phages can be either lytic or lysogenic, but virulent phages can only be lytic. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 16 | |
Which of the following statements about human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)is incorrect? |
| | A) | It is widely accepted to be the causative agent of AIDS. |
| | B) | It is an example of an emerging virus. |
| | C) | It can be transmitted from mother to unborn child. |
| | D) | Infection ultimately leads to susceptibility to opportunistic infections. |
| | E) | All of these statements about HIV are correct. |
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| 17 | |
AZT inhibits the function of reverse transcriptase by? |
| | A) | Binding directly to the RNA template |
| | B) | Mimicking the DNA template |
| | C) | Mimicking normal nucleotide structure to bind directly to reverse transcriptase |
| | D) | Methylating host DNA where transcribed DNA may be integrated |
| | E) | Denaturing reverse transcriptase |
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| 18 | |
RNA particles that infect plant cells are most accurately referred to as |
| | A) | phage. |
| | B) | retroviruses. |
| | C) | viroids. |
| | D) | prions. |
| | E) | lysogens. |
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| 19 | |
True or False: A challenge to developing drugs against HIV is due to the fact that reverse transcriptase does not proofread, thereby resulting in a high mutational frequency. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 20 | |
Which one of the following statements about prions is incorrect? |
| | A) | Prions induce wild-type proteins to fold incorrectly. |
| | B) | Exposure to nucleic acid-damaging radiation renders a prion uninfectious. |
| | C) | Prions are widely accepted to be the causative agent of spongiform encephalopathies. |
| | D) | Misfolded prion proteins can spread through the body after being excreted out of a cell and into the bloodstream. |
| | E) | All of these statements about prions are correct. |
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