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| 1 | |
Which of the following is not controlled by the genome of prokaryotic organisms? |
| | A) | Growth |
| | B) | Development |
| | C) | Metabolism |
| | D) | Cell features |
| | E) | Cell arrangement |
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| 2 | |
Arrange the events of pattern development in a human embryo from earliest to latest.
I cells differentiate into specific types
II formation of body axes
III segments develop specific characteristics
IV subdivision into regions |
| | A) | iii; iv; i; ii |
| | B) | iii; ii; iv; i |
| | C) | i; iv; iii; ii |
| | D) | ii; iv; iii; i |
| | E) | iv; i; ii; iii |
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| 3 | |
Which of the following occurs in animals but not in plants during development? |
| | A) | Cell migration occurs in animal development but not plant development. |
| | B) | Differential gene expression coordinates development of the "body plan" in both plants and animals. |
| | C) | Transcription factors are important to the developmental plan of both plants and animals. |
| | D) | Asymmetrical positioning of morphogens in the oocyte is part of both plant and animal development. |
| | E) | Some somatic cells in plants are totipotent, but adult animal somatic cells are not totipotent. |
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| 4 | |
True or False: Homeotic genes specify the fate of body regions in development. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 5 | |
Which of the following is not a way cells may respond to positional information? |
| | A) | Differentiating |
| | B) | Dividing |
| | C) | Apoptosis |
| | D) | Migrating |
| | E) | Signaling |
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| 6 | |
Molecules that impart positional information and promote developmental changes at the cellular level are most accurately referred to as |
| | A) | inducers. |
| | B) | repressors. |
| | C) | signal transducers. |
| | D) | morphogens. |
| | E) | stem cells. |
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| 7 | |
True or False: When certain genes are expressed at a specific phase of development in a particular cell type, this is most accurately referred to as differential gene expression. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 8 | |
A mutation in the Drosophila bicoid gene would lead to which one of the following phenotypes? |
| | A) | No formation of the syncytial blastoderm |
| | B) | Lack of segmentation |
| | C) | Development of an embryo with two posterior ends |
| | D) | Development of an embryo with two anterior ends |
| | E) | Inhibition of pupa formation |
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| 9 | |
A Drosophila fly with a bithorax mutation would have _______ wings and ________ halteres. |
| | A) | 2; 2 |
| | B) | 2; 4 |
| | C) | 0; 4 |
| | D) | 4; 0 |
| | E) | 4; 2 |
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| 10 | |
True or False: The homeobox region of a homeotic gene transcribes the homeodomain of a protein responsible for activating genes responsible for developmental changes. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 11 | |
Arrange the following Drosophila segmentation genes as they act in pattern formation from earliest to latest.
I: segment-polarity genes
II: gap genes
III: maternal effect
IV: pair-rule |
| | A) | iii; i; ii; iv |
| | B) | i; iii; ii; iv |
| | C) | iii; ii; iv; i |
| | D) | i; ii; iv; iii |
| | E) | iv; ii; I; iii |
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| 12 | |
Which of the following most accurately describes the colinearity rule? |
| | A) | The order of homeotic genes along a chromosome correlates with their expression along the anteroposterior axis. |
| | B) | The cells in each segment of the body have their fate determined at a very early stage of embryonic development. |
| | C) | Body patterns emerge in an embryo that match the segmentation patterns found in larvae and adults. |
| | D) | Asymmetric distribution of morphogens leads to activation of genes only in certain regions of an embryo. |
| | E) | None of these statements accurately describes the colinearity rule. |
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| 13 | |
True or False: Stem cells are able to divide asymmetrically. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 14 | |
Which one of the following is a property of a stem cell? |
| | A) | Stem cells have the capacity to divide. |
| | B) | Daughter cells arising from division of a stem cell can differentiate into one or more specialized cell types. |
| | C) | Stem cells play a vital role in anteroposterior axis determination in animals. |
| | D) | Stem cells have the capacity to divide. Also, Daughter cells arising from division of a stem cell can differentiate into one or more specialized cell types. |
| | E) | Stem cells have the capacity to divide, Daughter cells arising from division of a stem cell can differentiate into one or more specialized cell types and Stem cells play a vital role in anteroposterior axis determination in animals. |
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| 15 | |
Arrange the following types of stem cells with respect to the number of different cell types that can arise from the stem cell, from least to most.
| I: Pluripotent | | II: Totipotent | | III: Unipotent | | IV: Multipotent |
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| | A) | iv; ii; iii; i |
| | B) | ii; iv; i; iii |
| | C) | i; iii; iv; ii |
| | D) | ii; i; iv; iii |
| | E) | i; iv; ii; iii |
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| 16 | |
True or False: There is a clear consensus that it is acceptable to use embryonic stem cells in research and in treatment of disease. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 17 | |
A fibroblast is least likely to differentiate into a(n) |
| | A) | adipocyte. |
| | B) | chondrocyte. |
| | C) | smooth muscle cell. |
| | D) | osteoblast. |
| | E) | skeletal muscle cell. |
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| 18 | |
After fertilization in Arabidopsis, the first cell division gives rise to a(n) ________ cell which will become the root, and a(n) ________ cell, which will give rise to the shoot. |
| | A) | central; peripheral |
| | B) | apical; basal |
| | C) | basal; apical |
| | D) | peripheral; central |
| | E) | undifferentiated; differentiated |
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| 19 | |
Which of the following statements regarding the meristem tissue is incorrect? |
| | A) | The peripheral zone contains differentiating cells |
| | B) | The central zone maintains dividing stem cells |
| | C) | Root meristem is differentiated from shoot meristem |
| | D) | The organizing center maintains the correct number of stem cells |
| | E) | None of the above statements regarding meristem tissue are incorrect. |
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| 20 | |
True or False: In the ABC model for flower development, a plant that has mutations in (A(/ital), B and C will have flowers with all leaves. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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