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Post-Test
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1
The study of biological diversity and evolutionary relationships between extant and extinct organisms is most accurately referred to as
A)taxonomy.
B)cladistics.
C)evolution.
D)systematics.
E)phylogeny.
2
The evolutionary history of a species or group of species is most accurately referred to as
A)systematics.
B)ontogeny.
C)taxonomy.
D)bioinformatics.
E)phylogeny.
3
Which one of the following is not considered a taxonomic kingdom?
A)Animalia
B)Protista
C)Bacteria
D)Plantae
E)Fungi
4
Which of the following characteristics is not found in all species in the phylum Chordata?
A)Hair
B)A notochord
C)A tubular nerve or spinal cord
D)Gill slits or arches
E)A postanal tail
5
Which one of the following statements about binomial nomenclature is incorrect ?
A)The genus name is capitalized, while the species epithet is not capitalized.
B)The genus and species designations are both either italicized or underlined.
C)If naming conventions are followed, anyone may name a new species.
D)The genus and species designations always come from Greek or Latin origins.
E)The binomial nomenclature system dates back to Carolus Linnaeus.
6
Which one of the following do all three domains of life have in common?
A)Nucleosome structure
B)RNA Polymerases
C)Cell compartmentalization
D)Membrane lipid construction
E)Chromosome segregation
7
True or False: Rapidly changing DNA is used to study recent evolutionary relationships in slowly evolving species.
A)True
B)False
8
Nodes in a phylogenetic tree indicate ________________ has occurred.
A)anagenesis
B)cladagenesis
C)punctuated equillibrium
D)that a monophyletic group
E)that a paraphyletic group
9
In phylogenetics, which of the following terms most accurately describes a common ancestral species and all of its descendant species?
A)Node
B)Tree
C)Polyphyletic group
D)Clade
E)Paraphyletic group
10
True or False: The study of systematics includes morphological characteristics or homologous genetic characteristics.
A)True
B)False
11
Which of the following is used to name a species?
A)Phylogeny
B)Cladistics
C)Taxonomy
D)Binomial Nomenclature
E)Systematics
12
The clade that contains all animal species would most accurately be called a(n)
A)phylum.
B)genus.
C)order.
D)kingdom.
E)class.
13
Traits that arise independently in different species are most accurately referred to as __________; traits that exist because different species share a common ancestor are most accurately referred to as _____________.
A)divergent; convergent
B)convergent; homologous
C)convergent; analogous
D)homologous; convergent
E)analogous; divergent
14
Species A, B, and C are all in the same taxonomic family. The sequence of geneX in species A and B differs by 15%, and the fossil record indicates that these two species shared a common ancestor 5 million years ago. The sequence of geneX in species C differs from species B by 21%. Approximately how long ago did species B and species C share a common ancestor?
A)21 million years ago
B)15 million years ago
C)7 million years ago
D)6 million years ago
E)5 million years ago
15
True or False: Genes with slower "molecular clocks" are more useful than genes with faster molecular clocks for studying evolutionary relatedness among species that are very distantly related, such as across phylum or kingdom lines.
A)True
B)False
16
In a cladistic approach to phylogeny, a trait shared by two or more different taxa inherited from a more distant ancestor than the last common ancestor is referred to as a(n)
A)symplesiomorphy.
B)ingroup.
C)synapomorphy.
D)outgroup.
E)shared derived character.
17
The principle of parsimony suggests that
A)neutral mutations occur at a fairly constant rate over time.
B)the most accurate phylogenetic tree is the one with the most tips.
C)species grouped into larger taxa for a cladogram should be from a single clade for the results to be reliable.
D)the preferred hypothesis is the one that is the simplest.
E)None of the choices accurately describe the principle of parsimony.
18
True or False: A slow changing gene is most useful for analyzing distant evolutionary relationships due to its longevity in the genome, such as the SSU rRNA gene.
A)True
B)False
19
The naming of a new animal species must follow strict guidelines set by
A)ICBN
B)ICZN
C)ISBN
D)ICSP
E)Anyone can name a new species as long as the name is latinized.
20
True or False: The "tree of life" can be traced back to a single common ancestor.
A)True
B)False





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