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1 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) Which of the following characteristics distinguishes craniates from other nonvertebrate chordates? |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Bone or cartilage endoskeleton |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Neural crest |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Cranium |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Bone or cartilage endoskeleton and cranium |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | E)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Bone or cartilage endoskeleton, neural crest, and cranium |
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2 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) Which of the following statements about vertebrates is correct? |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | The presence of a liver is not unique to vertebrates. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Among the classes of vertebrates, the most prevalent are the birds. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Most vertebrates possess four pairs of appendages. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Interlocking vertebrae protect the nerve cord and provide support for vertebrates. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | E)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | None of the statements about vertebrates are correct. |
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3 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) During the evolution of animals, which of the following features first appeared in the fishes? |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A heart |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A notochord |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Hox genes |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A vertebral column |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | E)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A hinged jaw |
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4 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) Match each class of vertebrate with the correct characteristic.
i. Actinopterygii | a. rudimentary lungs | ii. Dipnoi | b. encased in hard shell | iii. Testudines | c. unhinged lower jaw | iv. Lepidosauria | d. gill opening covered by osculum |
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| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | i:d , ii:c , iii:a , iv:b |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | i:c , ii:a , iii:b, iv:d |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | i:d , ii:a , iii:b , iv:c |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | i:a , ii:c , iii:d , iv:b |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | E)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | i:b , ii:c , iii:a , iv:d |
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5 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) True or False: Amphibians and reptiles are collectively referred to as amniotes. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | True |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | False |
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6 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) Which one of the following is not a characteristic feature of birds? |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Reduction of organs |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Presence of feathers |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Air sacs |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Toothed beak |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | E)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Lightweight skeleton |
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7 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) Which one of the following are not uniquely mammalian characteristics? |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Hair |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | External ears |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Mammary glands |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Specialized teeth |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | E)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Amniotic egg production |
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8 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) True or False: The existence of a bony skeleton is believed to be derived from a cartilaginous skeleton. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | True |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | False |
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9 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) Shark species that lay their eggs and do not retain them within the mother's body are most accurately referred to as |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | viviparous. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | hermaphroditic. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | oviparous. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ovoviparous. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | E)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | larval. |
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10 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) Which of the following types of fish are not part of the Actinopterygii? |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Dipnoi |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Chondrichythes |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Actinistia |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Dipnoi and Actinistia |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | E)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Dipnoi, chondrichythes, and actinistia |
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11 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) Which one of the following statements about amphibians is correct? |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Reproductive cycles require that amphibians remain close to, or at least return to, water. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Many amphibians can only absorb oxygen from the air directly through their nostrils. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Amphibians have a heart with one atrium and one ventricle. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Breathing in amphibians is referred to as oral pumping. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | E)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | The majority of current amphibian species are salamanders. |
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12 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) Over the course of evolution, amniotic eggs did for animals what ___________ did for plants. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | leaves |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | roots |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | stems |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | wood |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | E)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | seeds |
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13 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) True or False: Modern systematics suggests that birds should be considered part of the reptilian lineage. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | True |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | False |
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14 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) Which one of the following types of animals is believed to be most closely related to birds? |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Crocodiles |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Snakes |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Lizards |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Dinosaurs |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | E)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Frogs |
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15 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) Which of the following was not an adaptation that contributed to the conquest of land by aquatic organisms? |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Development of an amniotic egg |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Development of water conserving kidneys |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Development of thoracic breathing |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Development of internal fertilization |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | E)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | All of the adaptations contributed to the conquest of land. |
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16 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) Which one of the following statements about Archaeopteryx is correct? Archaeopteryx |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | had an enlarged breastbone to facilitate flight. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | lacked teeth in its beak. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | is believed to be closely related to theropods. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | had long tail feathers and a short tailbone. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | E)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | lacked claws on its wings. |
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17 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) Match the order of Mammals on the left with the representative example on the right.
i Ariodactyla | a bats | ii Lagomorpha | b platypus | iii Monotremata | c deer | iv Chiroptera | d rabbits |
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| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | i = c; ii = a; iii = d; iv = b |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | i = c; ii = d; iii = b; iv = a |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | i = d; ii = b; iii = a; iv = c |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | i = b; ii = d; iii = c; iv = a |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | E)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | i = a; ii = c; iii = b; iv = d |
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18 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) Which one of the following anthropoids is not a hominoid? |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Gorilla |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Gibbon |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Monkey |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Orangutan |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | E)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Chimpanzee |
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19 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) Which one of the following species is believed to have or have had the largest brain size? |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Australopithecus afarensis |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Homo habilis |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Homo erectus |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Homo neanderthalensis |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | E)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Homo sapiens |
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20 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) True or False: Analysis of human mitochondrial DNA supports the multiregional hypothesis for human evolution. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | True |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | False |
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