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Post-Test
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1
Which one of the following structures is a component of a vertebrate central nervous system?
A)The spinal cord
B)Neurons
C)The brain
D)The spinal cord and the brain
E)The spinal cord, neurons, and the brain
2
Which of the following statements about nerve impulses is correct?
A)The voltage of a cell that is sending nerve impulses is referred to as the resting potential.
B)A nerve impulse is a change in the amount of electric charge across a cell's plasma membrane.
C)A neuron is an electrically depolarized cell.
D)The difference between the charges on the inside and outside of a cell is referred to as the cell's membrane charge.
E)All of the statements about nerve impulses are correct.
3
A membrane potential which varies depending on the strength of the stimulus is most accurately referred to as
A)depolarized.
B)action.
C)graded.
D)hyperpolarized.
E)gated.
4
Match the specialized cells of the nervous system with the appropriate description.
I: gliaa: send signals away from the CNS
II: sensory neuronsb. help form blood brain barrier
III: motor neuronsc. form interconnections between neurons and CNS
IV: interneuronsd. transmit information to the CNS
A)I=c ; II=d ; III=b ; IV=a
B)I=a ; II=c ; III=d ; IV=b
C)I=b ; II=d ; III=a ; IV=c
D)I=c ; II=b ; III=d ; IV=a
E)I=a ; II=b ; III=c ; IV=d
5
Match the component of a typical neuron on the left with the appropriate description on the right.
i: axona. process incoming signal to generate outgoing signal
ii: dendriteb. transmit outgoing signal
iii: cell bodyc. receive incoming signal
A)i = b; ii = a; iii = c
B)i = a; ii = b; iii = c
C)i = c; ii = b; iii = a
D)i = c; ii = a; iii = b
E)i = b; ii = c; iii = a
6
Which of the following is not a function performed by glial cells?
A)Removal of cellular debris produced by damaged or dying cells
B)Increasing the speed of electrical impulses passed down an axon
C)Formation of the blood-brain barrier
D)Maintain constant concentration of ions in the extracellular fluid
E)Detection of internal body conditions
7
Which of the following types of neurons are able to form complex connections between other cells for input interpretation?
A)Motor neurons
B)Interneurons
C)Sensory neurons
D)Motor neurons and sensory neurons
E)Interneurons and sensory neurons
8
True or False: Moving a hand quickly away from a hot stove is an action that would most likely be referred to as a reflex arc.
A)True
B)False
9
An animal neuron in its resting state would be most likely to have which one of the following voltages inside the cell with respect to the extracellular space?
A)70 mV
B)70 V
C)-70 V
D)-70 mV
E)120 V
10
Which of the following ions would most likely have a higher intracellular concentration than extracellular concentration in a mammalian neuron?
A)Cl -
B)Na+
C)K+
D)Cl+ and Na+
E)Na+ and K+
11
Which one of the following statements about neuron membrane potential is correct?
A)Sodium channels are typically open more frequently than potassium channels at resting potential.
B)Most vertebrate neurons have 50 times more potassium channels than sodium channels.
C)Negatively charged proteins contribute minimally to the negative electric charge inside a cell.
D)The direction that an ion will move depends on the electrochemical gradient for other ions.
E)All of the statements about neuron membrane potential are correct.
12
True or False: If a membrane potential is measured to be -80 mV and the Na+ concentration is 100 mM outside and 10 mM inside, Na+ is in equilibrium.
A)True
B)False
13
The minimum membrane potential which would typically trigger an action potential is
A)0 mV
B)-50 mV
C)-70 mV
D)-90 mV
E)-120 mV
14
Which one of the following factors determines the speed with which an action potential is conducted down an axon?
A)axon diameter
B)axon length
C)presence or absence of myelin
D)Axon and presence or absence of myelin
E)Axon, axon length, and presence or absence of myelin
15
The areas of myelinated axons that can elicit an action potential are most accurately referred to as
A)hillocks.
B)electrical synapses.
C)chemical synapses.
D)glia.
E)nodes of Ranvier.
16
True or False: A neurotransmitter that hyperpolarizes the postsynaptic membrane produces a response known as an inhibitory postsynaptic potential.
A)True
B)False
17
Which of the following neurotransmitters is not a biogenic amine?
A)Dopamine
B)Histamine
C)Acetylcholine
D)Serotonin
E)Epinephrine
18
Which of the following most accurately describes the function of neuropeptides as neurotransmitters?
A)Promote movement of chloride ions into the cell
B)Stimulate skeletal muscle and inhibit cardiac muscle
C)Affect mood, attention, and learning
D)Modulate response of a postsynaptic neuron to other neurotransmitters
E)Relax smooth muscle around blood vessels
19
True or False: A single neurotransmitter cannot have both excitatory and inhibitory effects.
A)True
B)False
20
True or False: Metabotropic receptors are G protein coupled receptors that activate intracellular signaling pathways.
A)True
B)False





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