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| 1 | |
Vertebrates are known to display which of the following types of skeletons? |
| | A) | Endoskeleton |
| | B) | Exoskeleton |
| | C) | Hydrostatic skeleton |
| | D) | Endoskeleton and exoskeleton |
| | E) | Endoskeleton, exoskeleton, and hydrostatic skeleton |
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| 2 | |
Match the type of joint in a vertebrate skeleton on the left with the representative example of movement on the right.
| i:ball-and-socket | a. rotational movement | | ii: hinge joints | b. no movement | | iii: pivot joint | c. movement through several planes | | iv: fused joints | d. movement in one plane |
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| | A) | i = d; ii = b; iii = a; iv=c |
| | B) | i = c; ii = b; iii = a; iv=d |
| | C) | i = a; ii = c; iii = d; iv=c |
| | D) | i = c; ii = d; iii = a; iv=b |
| | E) | i = b; ii = c; iii = a; iv=d |
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| 3 | |
Which one of the following is a typical component of striated muscle thick filaments? |
| | A) | Actin |
| | B) | Troponin |
| | C) | Tropomyosin |
| | D) | Myosin |
| | E) | Actin, troponin, and tropomyosin |
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| 4 | |
Which of the following is not a structure found in a single sarcomere? |
| | A) | A line |
| | B) | Z line |
| | C) | M line |
| | D) | A band |
| | E) | I band |
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| 5 | |
For animals of an equal body weight, which of the following types of movements has the highest energy cost? |
| | A) | Jumping |
| | B) | Flying |
| | C) | Swimming |
| | D) | Running |
| | E) | Crawling |
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| 6 | |
True or False: Some disorders that affect the muscular system actually are caused by defects in the parts of the nervous system that control muscle contraction rather than in the muscle fibers themselves. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 7 | |
Which component of a thick filament makes contact with actin filaments in order for contraction to occur? |
| | A) | Myosin tails |
| | B) | Troponin |
| | C) | Crossbridges |
| | D) | Tropomyosin |
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| 8 | |
Muscle contraction by calcium ions is regulated by which of the following? |
| | A) | Actin |
| | B) | Tropomyosin |
| | C) | Troponin |
| | D) | Actin and tropomyosin |
| | E) | Tropomyosin and troponin |
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| 9 | |
True or False: There is a minimum amount of mineral in bone necessary to maintain appropriate strength, but typically no upper limit on the amount of mineral that can be present. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 10 | |
True or False: Movement of the actin filament during the cross-bridge cycle is most accurately referred to as the power stroke. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 11 | |
Which of the following does not shorten during skeletal muscle contraction? |
| | A) | Sarcomere |
| | B) | I band |
| | C) | A band |
| | D) | H zone |
| | E) | All of the choices shorten during skeletal muscle contraction. |
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| 12 | |
During skeletal muscle contraction, if the myosin head group is attached to the thin filament, but the power stroke has not occurred, what is likely to be found in the nucleotide binding site of the myosin head? |
| | A) | ATP |
| | B) | Pi |
| | C) | ADP |
| | D) | ADP + Pi |
| | E) | The nucleotide binding site would be empty. |
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| 13 | |
True or False: In the absence of calcium ions, tropomyosin partially conceals the myosin binding site on an actin filament, preventing contraction. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 14 | |
Which of the following statements about skeletal muscle contraction is correct? |
| | A) | The sarcoplasmic reticulum in a muscle fiber is homologous to the endoplasmic reticulum of most other cells. |
| | B) | An action potential in a muscle fiber leading to cross-bridge activity is referred to as contraction coupling. |
| | C) | The electrical activity in the plasma membrane of a muscle fiber acts directly on either actin or myosin. |
| | D) | The cytosolic concentration of Ca2+ in resting muscle is typically high. |
| | E) | All of the statements about skeletal muscle contraction are correct. |
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| 15 | |
Which of the following molecules or structures would most likely be found at a neuromuscular junction? |
| | A) | Acetylcholine |
| | B) | Tropomyosin |
| | C) | Junctional folds |
| | D) | An axon terminal of a motor nerve |
| | E) | All of the choices would be equally likely to be found at a neuromuscular junction. |
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| 16 | |
Which of the following types of muscle fibers is most often utilized for short, energy intense actions but fatigue rapidly? |
| | A) | fast-oxidative fibers |
| | B) | slow-oxidative fibers |
| | C) | fast-glycolytic fibers |
| | D) | slow-glycolytic fibers |
| | E) | oxidative fibers |
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| 17 | |
True or False: Muscles can atrophy even if their nerve supply has not been disturbed. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 18 | |
Match the muscle terminology on the left with the type of movement on the right.
| i: antagonists | a. straighten a limb | | ii: flexors | b. oppositely directed movement at a joint | | iii: extensors | c. bend a limb |
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| | A) | i = a; ii = c; iii = b |
| | B) | i = b; ii = c; iii = a |
| | C) | i = c; ii = a; iii = b |
| | D) | i = b; ii = a; iii = c |
| | E) | i = c; ii = b; iii = a |
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| 19 | |
On how many separate occasions is flight believed to have evolved in the animal kingdom? |
| | A) | 1 |
| | B) | 2 |
| | C) | 4 |
| | D) | 8 |
| | E) | 20 |
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| 20 | |
Which of the following bone disorders may occur as result of a vitamin D deficiency? |
| | A) | Rickets |
| | B) | Polio |
| | C) | Osteoporosis |
| | D) | Muscular dystrophy |
| | E) | Myasthenia gravis |
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