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| 1 | |
Match the nutritional pattern on the left with the appropriate description on the right.
| i: herbivore | A. consumption of animal flesh | | ii: carnivore | B. consumption of plant and animal flesh | | iii: omnivore | C. consumption of plant material |
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| | A) | i = b; ii = c; iii = a |
| | B) | i = c; ii = b; iii = a |
| | C) | i = b; ii = a; iii = c |
| | D) | i = c; ii = a; iii = b |
| | E) | i = a; ii = c; iii = b |
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| 2 | |
Of the twenty essential amino acids required for building proteins, how many must be consumed by humans because they cannot be synthesized in the body? |
| | A) | 4 |
| | B) | 8 |
| | C) | 10 |
| | D) | 15 |
| | E) | 20 |
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| 3 | |
Which one of the following statements about digestion and absorption is incorrect? |
| | A) | Although some simple invertebrates can perform intracellular digestion, most digestion occurs extracellularly. |
| | B) | Vitamins and minerals do not require digestion. |
| | C) | A different type of enzyme is required to digest each of the four classes of macromolecules. |
| | D) | Products of digestion can be absorbed by either diffusion or active transport across plasma membranes. |
| | E) | All of the statements about digestion and absorption are correct. |
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| 4 | |
Which one of the following digestive system components is found in all vertebrates? |
| | A) | Gallbladder |
| | B) | Teeth |
| | C) | Alimentary canal |
| | D) | Salivary glands |
| | E) | Gizzard |
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| 5 | |
True or False: Starch digestion in humans begins in the mouth due to the action of salivary amylase. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 6 | |
Which of the following is not a function of saliva? |
| | A) | Moisten and lubricate food for swallowing |
| | B) | Destroy ingested bacteria |
| | C) | Dissolve food particles to impart taste |
| | D) | Initiate digestion of polysaccharides via amylase |
| | E) | All of the choices are functions of saliva |
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| 7 | |
The most common gastrointestinal disorder worldwide is |
| | A) | diarrhea. |
| | B) | ulcers. |
| | C) | heartburn. |
| | D) | stomach cancer. |
| | E) | constipation. |
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| 8 | |
Which one of the following regulates the rate of digestion? |
| | A) | Blood pressure |
| | B) | Metabolic enzymes |
| | C) | Hormones |
| | D) | Stomach acids |
| | E) | Cholesterol |
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| 9 | |
Which one of the following vitamins is water-soluble? |
| | A) | Vitamin A |
| | B) | Vitamin C |
| | C) | Vitamin D |
| | D) | Vitamin E |
| | E) | Vitamin K |
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| 10 | |
Which of the following fat soluble vitamins is not only found in plant materials and oils, but is also synthesized by hindgut bacteria? |
| | A) | Vitamin D |
| | B) | Vitamin E |
| | C) | Vitamin A |
| | D) | Vitamin K |
| | E) | Vitamin B6 |
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| 11 | |
True or False: Most plants do not contain sufficient quantities of amino acids that are essential to the human diet. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 12 | |
Which one of the following statements about vitamins and minerals is incorrect? |
| | A) | Scurvy can develop from a deficiency in a key mineral. |
| | B) | Many vitamins serve to maintain salt and water balance in the body. |
| | C) | All vertebrates must consume vitamin C in their diets. |
| | D) | Fat-soluble vitamins can be stored but do still need to be regularly ingested. |
| | E) | None of the statements about vitamins and minerals are correct. |
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| 13 | |
Which of the following is a defining feature of a ruminant? |
| | A) | Sifting water, filtering out nutrients, and expelling the rest |
| | B) | Eating the remains of dead animals |
| | C) | Production of anticoagulants for continued feeding on blood |
| | D) | Feeding exclusively on grasses |
| | E) | Regurgitating partially digested food and chewing it a second time |
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| 14 | |
True or False: To accomplish digestion, most animals possess an elongated tube with an opening at either end most accurately referred to as a gastrovascular cavity. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 15 | |
Match the human digestive organ on the left with the relevant function on the right.
| i: small intestine | a. transport food | | ii: stomach | b. digestion and absorption | | iii: large intestine | c. protein digestion and storage | | iv: esophagus | d. water absorption |
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| | A) | i = c; ii = b; iii = a; iv = d |
| | B) | i = d; ii = a; iii = b; iv = c |
| | C) | i = a; ii = b; iii = c; iv = d |
| | D) | i = b; ii = c; iii = d; iv = a |
| | E) | i = d; ii = a; iii = c; iv = b |
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| 16 | |
Which of the following components of chyme is absorbed in the stomach? |
| | A) | Nucleic acids |
| | B) | Polysaccharides |
| | C) | Water |
| | D) | Fat droplets |
| | E) | Salts |
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| 17 | |
In a ruminant, which of the following compartments functions as a "true" stomach? |
| | A) | reticulum |
| | B) | rumen |
| | C) | omasum |
| | D) | abomasum |
| | E) | cecum |
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| 18 | |
True or False: Most of the fat absorbed in the human small intestine is too large to enter capillaries and instead enters the lymphatic system through lacteals to be transported to the blood. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 19 | |
Which of the following digestive enzymes is secreted by the pancreas? |
| | A) | Pepsin |
| | B) | Trypsin |
| | C) | Chymotrypsin |
| | D) | Trypsin and chymotrypsin |
| | E) | Pepsin, trypsin, and chymotrypsin |
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| 20 | |
Which of the following statements about the digestion and absorption of fat is correct? |
| | A) | All fat digestion occurs in the small and large intestine. |
| | B) | The rate of fat digestion is decreased by emulsification of lipid droplets. |
| | C) | Bile salts contribute to the formation of chlyomicrons. |
| | D) | Fatty acids and monoglycerides enter intestinal epithelial cells, but triglycerides are released from the opposite side of those epithelial cells. |
| | E) | All of the statements about the digestion and absorption of fat are correct. |
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